Transformasi Pemikiran Ekonomi Abu Yusuf dalam Peningkatan Pendapatan Negara yang Berkeadilan untuk Semua Pihak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30651/jms.v9i3.23328Abstract
Abstraksi
Pada era Daulah Abbasiyah, kompleksitas permasalahan dan luasnya wilayah kekuasaan menuntut adanya ijtihad dan pemikiran baru, terutama terkait persoalan sosial dan ekonomi. Salah satu pemikir ekonomi terkemuka adalah Abu Yusuf, murid utama Abu Hanifah. Pembahasan penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap pemikiran ekonomi yang dilakukan oleh Abu Yusuf dalam memalukan transformasi pendapatan negara . Kepada khalifah Harun al Rasyid, Abu Yusuf memberikan pandangan mengenai sistem perpajakan yang adil dan proporsional, seperti kharaj (pajak tanah), usyur (bea cukai), dan sistem muqasamah (pajak proporsional sesuai hasil panen). Selain itu, Abu Yusuf juga membahas pengelolaan sumber daya alam (air dan tanah) milik negara, zakat (pertanian, perdagangan, ternak), serta kebijakan pengeluaran negara (gaji pegawai, militer, infrastruktur, jaminan sosial). Pemikiran ekonomi Abu Yusuf menekankan keadilan dalam distribusi kekayaan, memperhatikan kebutuhan masyarakat, serta mewujudkan kemaslahatan dan kesejahteraan bagi semua pihak melalui pengelolaan negara yang baik.
Kata Kunci : Abu Yusuf , kharaj , usyur , transformasi pajak
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