Madzhab Shahabi: Eksplorasi Fatwa Sahabat dalam Persoalan Muamalah
Abstract
Madzhab Shahabi menggambarkan pandangan sahabat Nabi dalam hukum Islam yang tidak secara tegas dijelaskan dalam Al-Quran dan Sunnah. Fenomena ini cukum mengganggu praktik ekonomi dan kehidupan umat Muslim saat ini. Keberhasilan Madzhab Shahabi dalam memberikan landasan hukum sangat penting dalam dinamika kehidupan modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki konsistensi pandangan sahabat, argumentasi yang mereka gunakan, dan implikasi kontemporer dari perdebatan Madzhab Shahabi dalam menangani persoalan hukum Islam yang tidak tegas dijelaskan dalam sumber-sumber utama Islam. Â Metode penelitian ini mengusung pendekatan studi literatur dan perbandingan untuk melakukan analisis deskriptif yang mendalam. Hasil penelitian menegaskan pentingnya pandangan para sahabat dalam menetapkan hukum Islam di luar ijtihad, dengan ulama dari keempat madzhab cenderung mengikuti Mazhab Shahabi jika sumber lain tidak memberikan jawaban. Implementasi Mazhab Shahabi dalam muamalah kontemporer, seperti transaksi jual beli kredit, zakat atas perhiasan, dan ganti rugi atas cedera hewan ternak, mempengaruhi banyak aspek dalam hukum ekonomi syariah, tetapi perbedaan pandangan antar-ulama menciptakan keragaman interpretasi dan penerapan hukum dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Implikasi kontemporer dari perdebatan Mazhab Shahabi mendorong penafsiran yang adaptif dan responsif, menekankan pentingnya ijtihad, dan mengakui keragaman pandangan hukum dalam Islam untuk menyusun hukum yang relevan dengan konteks modern sambil mempertahankan keterkaitan dengan warisan sahabat Nabi.
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