THE EFFECT OF THE PROBLEM-SOLVING APPROACH ON THE LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF CLASS V PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Abstract
This study aims to describe: the effect of the problem-solving approach on the learning achievement of Class V Elementary School students. This research is quasi-experimental research using one experimental class and one control class. One experimental class, namely SDN Rejondani with a problem-solving approach, and one control class that was not given treatment, namely SDN Potrojayan II. The four stages carried out in the problem-solving approach are understanding the problem (understand), determining the solution (plan), implementing the solution (solve), and checking again (check). Learning achievement is measured using a test instrument in the form of short questions. There are fourteen short answer questions for the pre-test and post-test based on derived learning indicators from the applicable curriculum. Data analysis was performed using the ANOVA test. The results showed that problem-solving had an influence on learning achievement with a significance value of 0.000 (p <0.05). The ANOVA test was followed by a posthoc test using the Bonferroni test with a result of 0.000 which stated that there was a mean difference between the control class and the experimental class. This difference is the basis that problem-solving has an influence on the learning achievement of class V Elementary School.
References
Adair, J. (2010). Decision making and problem solving strategies (2nd ed.). London: Kogan Page.
Akhter, N., Akhtar, M., & Abaidullah, M. (2015). The perceptions of high school Mathematics problem solving teaching methods in Mathematics Education. Bulletin of Education and Research, 37(1), 1–23.
Astuti, D. D., Sumarwiyah, & Purbasari, I. (2020). Model problem solving untuk peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 6(3), 365–375. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3965088
Bennett, A. B., Burton, L. J., & Nelson, L. T. (2012). Mathematics for elementary teachers (9th ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Bradshaw, Z., & Hazell, A. (2017). Developing problem-solving skills in mathematics: a lesson study. International Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies, 6(1), 32–44. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLLS-09-2016-0032
Butterworth, J. (2013). Thinking skills: Critical thingking and problem solving. In NASSP Bulletin (2nd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1177/019263658506948024
Charlesworth, R., & Leali, S. A. (2012). Using problem solving to assess young children’s mathematics knowledge. Early Childhood Education Journal, 39(6), 373–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-011-0480-y
Chevallier, A. (2016). Strategic thinking in complex problem solving. New York: Oxford University Press.
Cooke, H. (2007). Mathematics for primary and early years: Developing subject knowledge. In Mathematics for Primary and Early Years: Developing Subject Knowledge (2nd ed.). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446216040
Cornoldi, C., Carretti, B., Drusi, S., & Tencati, C. (2015). Improving problem solving in primary school students: The effect of a training programme focusing on metacognition and working memory. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 85(3), 424–439. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12083
Damayanti, R., & Mawardi, M. (2018). Developing of MITRA learning model of problem solving-based to solve mathematical problems in elementary school. Jurnal Prima Edukasia, 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpe.v6i1.17238
Damopolii, I., Nunaki, J. H., & Supriyadi, G. (2018). Effect of Problem Solving Learning Model on Students Achievement. Journal of Education Research and Evaluation, 2(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.23887/jere.v2i1.12558
Fox, S., & Surtees, L. (2010). Mathematics across the curriculum. London: Continuum International Publishing Group.
Jonassen, D. H. (2011). Learning to solve problems. In Routledege. New York: Routledge.
Leong, Y. H., & Janjaruporn, R. (2015). Teaching of problem solving in school mathematics classrooms. The Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on Mathematical Education, 645–648. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12688-3_79
Muzanni, A., & Muhyadi, M. (2016). Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran problem solving mata pelajaran IPA terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa SD. Jurnal Prima Edukasia, 4(1), 1–11.
Permendikbud. (2016a). Permendikbud 24 tahun 2016. Jakarta, 2025, 5.
Permendikbud. (2016b). Permendikbud No 20. (August), 1–8.
Permendikbud. (2016c). permendikbud No 23. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/munp2
Polya, G. (1985). How to Solve it: A new aspect of mathematical method (2nd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Rezeki, R., Sitompul, H., & Situmorang, J. (2020). The effect of learning strategies and cognitive styles on learning outcomes of mathematics after controlling intelligence. Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal, 3(2), 1151–1163. https://doi.org/10.33258/birle.v3i2.1048
Saggaf, M. S., Salam, R., & Rifka, R. (2017). The Effect of classroom management on student learning outcomes. International Conference on Education, Science, Art and Technology, (July), 98–102.
Saihu. (2020). The effect of using talking stick learning model on student learning outcomes in islamic primary school of jamiatul khair, ciledug tangerang. Tarbawi: Jurnal Keilmuan Manajemen Pendidikan, 6(1), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.32678/tarbawi.v6i01.2325
Sangpom, W., Suthisung, N., Kongthip, Y., & Inprasitha, M. (2016). Advanced Mathematical Thinking and Students’ Mathematical Learning: Reflection from Students’ Problem-Solving in Mathematics Classroom. Journal of Education and Learning, 5(3), 72. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v5n3p72
Schunk, D. H. (2013). Learning theories: An educational perspective (6th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Suhendri, H., & Mardalena, T. (2015). Pengaruh metode pembelajaran problem solving terhadap hasil belajar matematika ditinjau dari kemandirian belajar. Formatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan MIPA, 3(2), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.30998/formatif.v3i2.117
Sukirman. (2016). Matematika untuk guru dan calon guru pendidikan dasar (Buku 1) (1st ed.). Yogyakarta: UNY Press.
Tambunan, H. (2019). The effectiveness of the problem solving strategy and the scientific approach to students’ mathematical capabilities in high order thinking skills. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(2), 293–302. https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/5715
Wibowo, A. (2017). Pengaruh pendekatan pembelajaran matematika realistik dan saintifik terhadap prestasi belajar, kemampuan penalaran matematis dan minat belajar. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika, 4(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.21831/jrpm.v4i1.10066
Yao-Ping Peng, M., & Chen, C. C. (2019). The effect of instructor’s learning modes on deep approach to student learning and learning outcomes. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 19(3), 65–85. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2019.3.005
Yavuz, G., Deringöl, Y., & Arslan, Ç. (2017). Elementary school students perception levels of problem solving skills. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(11), 1896–1901. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.051106
Authors
Copyright (c) 2024 Dwi Widyastuti Nurharyanto, Jaliani Jaliani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published workÂ
