Anosmia and covid-19 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: a case series
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Covid-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) had spread to the whole world. This kind of virus attacks the human respiratory system, and it caused death. In other words, there were many symptoms of Covid-19, which attacks the respiratory system. One of the symptoms was anosmia or smell disorder. This research might provide information about the anosmia in Covid-19 patients. This study aimed to investigate and present a series about anosmia and Covid-19 in Yogyakarta on June 2020. Three cases from three patients of RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients diagnosed with smell disorder were presented, starting from the symptom until the patients were getting treatments. This research also explained anosmia as one of the symptoms of Covid-19. Anosmia or losing olfactory function or smell disorder which could distract people’s healthy. Then, in this situation, it could be one of the symptoms of Covid-19.
Â
Keywords                              : anosmia, smell disorder, covid-19
Corresponding Author        : rizkafakhriani@gmail.com
Full text article
References
AlKetbi, R., AlNuaimi, D., AlMulla, M., AlTalai, N., Samir, M., Kumar, N., & AlBastaki, U. (2020). Acute myelitis as a neurological complication of Covid-19: a case report and MRI findings. Radiology case reports, 15(9), 1591-1595.
Azwar, M. K., Setiati, S., Rizka, A., Fitriana, I., Saldi, S. R. F., & Safitri, E. D. (2020). Clinical Profile of Elderly Patients with COVID-19 hospitalised in Indonesia’s National General Hospital. Acta Medica Indonesiana, 52(3), 199.
Brann, D. H., Tsukahara, T., Weinreb, C., Lipovsek, M., Van den Berge, K., Gong, B., ... & Datta, S. R. (2020). Non-neuronal expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfaory system suggests mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated anosmia. Science Advances, eabc5801.
Brodwin, E. (2020). Doctors warn an inability to smell could be a symptom of Covid-19—but caution the evidence is preliminary. Stat.
Burton, M. J., Clarkson, J. E., Goulao, B., Glenny, A. M., McBain, A. J., Schilder, A. G., ... & Worthington, H. V. (2020). Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays administered to patients with suspected or confirmed COVIDâ€19 infection to improve patient outcomes and to protect healthcare workers treating them. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (9).
Carrillo-Larco, R. M., & Altez-Fernandez, C. (2020). Anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19: A systematic review. Wellcome open research, 5.
Casale, M., Rinaldi, V., Sabatino, L., Moffa, A., & Ciccozzi, M. (2020). Could nasal irrigation and oral rinse reduce the risk for COVID-19 infection?. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 34, 2058738420941757.
Cucinotta, D., & Vanelli, M. (2020). WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 91(1), 157.
Dev, N., Sankar, J., Gupta, N., Meena, R. C., Singh, C., Gupta, D. K., & Sen, M. K. (2021). COVIDâ€19 with and without anosmia or dysgeusia: A caseâ€control study. Journal of medical virology, 93(4), 2499-2504.
Eliezer, M., Hautefort, C., Hamel, A. L., Verillaud, B., Herman, P., Houdart, E., & Eloit, C. (2020). Sudden and complete olfactory loss of function as a possible symptom of COVID-19. JAMA otolaryngology–head & neck surgery, 146(7), 674-675.
Gane, S. B., Kelly, C., & Hopkins, C. (2020). Isolated sudden onset anosmia in COVID-19 infection. A novel syndrome. Rhinology, 58(3), 299-301.
Hariyanto, T. I., Rizki, N. A., & Kurniawan, A. (2020). Anosmia/Hyposmia is a Good Predictor of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection: A Meta-Analysis. International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology.
Hediyanti, M. R. (Ed.). (2020). Buku Pedoman Tatalaksana di Bidang T.H.T.K.L Selama Pandemi Covid-19. Jakarta. JKT: Perhati-KL Indonesia.
Hopkins, C., Surda, P., & Kumar, N. (2020). Presentation of new onset anosmia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rhinology, 58(3), 295-298.
Hornuss, D., Lange, B., Schroeter, N., Rieg, S., Kern, W. V., & Wagner, D. (2020). Anosmia in COVID-19 patients. Clinical Microbiology and Infection.
Kang, Y. J., Cho, J. H., Lee, M. H., Kim, Y. J., & Park, C. S. (2020). The diagnostic value of detecting sudden smell loss among asymptomatic COVID-19 patients in early stage: The possible early sign of COVID-19. Auris Nasus Larynx, 47(4), 565-573.
Klopfenstein, T., Kadiane-Oussou, N. J., Toko, L., Royer, P. Y., Lepiller, Q., Gendrin, V., & Zayet, S. (2020). Features of anosmia in COVID-19. Médecine et Maladies infectieuses, 50(5), 436-439.
Krajewska, J., Krajewski, W., Zub, K., & Zatoński, T. (2020). COVID-19 in otolaryngologist practice: a review of current knowledge. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 277(7), 1885-1897.
Lai, C. C., Shih, T. P., Ko, W. C., Tang, H. J., & Hsueh, P. R. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 55(3), 105924.
Lechien, J. R., Chiesa-Estomba, C. M., De Siati, D. R., Horoi, M., Le Bon, S. D., Rodriguez, A., ... & Saussez, S. (2020). Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 277(8), 2251-2261.
Marinosci, A., Landis, B. N., & Calmy, A. (2020). Possible link between anosmia and COVID-19: sniffing out the truth. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 277(7), 2149-2150.
Mubaraki, A. A., Alrbaiai, G. T., Sibyani, A. K., Alhulayfi, R. M., Alzaidi, R. S., & Almalki, H. S. (2021). Prevalence of anosmia among COVID-19 patients in Taif City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi medical journal, 42(1), 38-44.
Mutiawati, E., Fahriani, M., Mamada, S. S., Fajar, J. K., Frediansyah, A., Maliga, H. A., ... & Harapan, H. (2021). Anosmia and dysgeusia in SARS-CoV-2 infection: incidence and effects on COVID-19 severity and mortality, and the possible pathobiology mechanisms-a systematic review and meta-analysis. F1000Research, 10(40), 40.
Wu, Y. C., Chen, C. S., & Chan, Y. J. (2020). Overview of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): the pathogen of severe specific contagious pneumonia (SSCP). J Chin Med Assoc, 83(3), 217-220.
Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., ... & Tan, W. (2020). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. New England journal of medicine.
Authors

Qanun Medika by FK UM Surabaya is liscence under Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi 4.0 Internasional.