Legalitas Akad Pengelolaan Uang Saku Santri Melalui Wali Asuh: Studi Kasus Asrama MI At-Tariq Pondok Pesantren An-Nur Yogyakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30651/jms.v11i1.29886Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis legalitas akad pengelolaan uang saku santri
Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) melalui wali asuh di Asrama MI At-Tariq Pondok Pesantren AnNur Yogyakarta, ditinjau dari perspektif Fikih Muamalah. Sistem pengelolaan ini
diterapkan karena santri MI berstatus mumayyiz (belum cakap hukum sempurna),
sehingga membutuhkan perwakilan untuk mengelola harta dan mencegah kerugian atau
pemborosan, sekaligus sebagai sarana pembinaan karakter. Penelitian ini menggunakan
metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan riset lapangan. Data primer diperoleh
melalui wawancara dan observasi terhadap pihak-pihak yang terlibat langsung dalam
rantai akad (orang tua, wali asuh, santri, dan pengelola kantin). Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa praktik ini adalah akad campuran yang sah, didominasi oleh akad
wakalah (perwakilan) dan didukung oleh unsur akad wadi’ah (titipan). Orang tua adalah
muwakkil, dan wali asuh adalah wakil yang terikat prinsip amanah dan akuntabilitas.
Legalitas praktik ini dikuatkan dengan adanya taukil al-wakil (pendelegasian kuasa wali
asuh ke kantin) yang dibenarkan berdasarkan izin implisit orang tua dan indikasi kebiasan
(‘urf) sesuai kaidah al-’adah muhakkamah. Kebijakan reward dan punishment yang
diterapkan asrama juga dianggap sah sebagai metode tarbiyah (pembinaan).
Kesimpulannya, pengelolaan uang saku santri ini secara substansi telah selaras dengan
ketentuan syariah.
Kata Kunci: Wakalah, Wadi’ah, Taukil al-Wakil, Mumayyiz, Pondok Pesantren
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