Asas Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Fikih Muamalah Berdasarkan Kaidah Al-Ashlu Mudhiy al-Aqd 'ala al-Salamah

Authors

  • Nuraida Fitriani Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
  • Umar Al-Haddad
  • Abdurrauf UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30651/jms.v11i1.27562

Abstract

Salah satu kaidah penting dalam fikih muamalah yang menjadi fondasi bagi keabsahan transaksi adalah kaidah al-ashlu mudhiy al-aqd ‘ala al-salamah yang berarti “hukum asal suatu akad adalah berjalan dengan selamat”. Kaidah ini memberikan pemahaman bahwa selama tidak terdapat bukti atau indikasi yang menunjukkan adanya cacat, unsur penipuan, atau pelanggaran terhadap syarat dan rukun, maka akad tersebut dianggap sah dan mengikat bagi para pihak yang bertransaksi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji makna, dasar hukum, serta penerapan kaidah tersebut dalam transaksi muamalah kontemporer. Dengan pendekatan normatif dan studi kepustakaan, pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa kaidah ini memiliki landasan hukum yang didukung dari dalil syar‘i seperti Al-Qur’an dan hadis, lalu diperkuat oleh kaidah ushul fiqh dan fatwa DSN-MUI terkait dengan bentuk penerapannya, seperti dalam jual beli daring dan akad salam. Prinsip ini mengandung asas keadilan dan kehati-hatian, di mana beban pembuktian terletak pada pihak yang mengklaim adanya kecacatan ataupun pelanggaran, dan kaidah ini memiliki implikasi penting dalam menjaga stabilitas hukum muamalah serta memberikan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak pihak yang bertransaksi.

Kata Kunci: Akad, Keselamatan, Al-Ashlu Mudhiy al-Aqd ‘ala al-Salamah

Abstract

One of the important principles in muamalah jurisprudence that serves as the foundation for the validity of transactions is the principle of al-ashlu mudhiy al-aqd ‘ala al-salamah, which means “the basic principle of a contract is that it proceeds safely.” This principle provides an understanding that as long as there is no evidence or indication that shows any defects, elements of fraud, or violations of the terms and conditions, the contract is considered valid and binding for the transacting parties. This article aims to examine the meaning, legal basis, and application of this principle in contemporary muamalah transactions. Using a normative approach and literature study, the discussion shows that this principle has a legal basis supported by sharia evidence such as the Qur'an and hadith, then reinforced by the principles of ushul fiqh and related DSN-MUI fatwas as a form of application, such as in online buying and selling and salam contracts. This principle contains the principles of justice and prudence, where the burden of proof lies on the party claiming a defect or violation, and this rule has important implications in maintaining the stability of muamalah law and providing protection for the rights of the parties to the transaction.

 

Keywords: Contract, Legal Protection, Safety Teory, Al-Ashlu Mudhiy al-Aqd ’ala al-Salamah

Published

2026-02-12

How to Cite

Nuraida Fitriani, Umar Al-Haddad, & Abdurrauf. (2026). Asas Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Fikih Muamalah Berdasarkan Kaidah Al-Ashlu Mudhiy al-Aqd ’ala al-Salamah . Jurnal Masharif Al-Syariah: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.30651/jms.v11i1.27562

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)

Section

Artikel

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