Deepfake Sebagai Bentuk Fitnah Qadzaf Modern Dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30651/mqsd.v15i2.33421Abstract
Perkembangan teknologi kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) melahirkan teknologi deepfake yang mampu menghasilkan gambar, suara, dan video manipulatif berakurasi tinggi. Di samping manfaatnya, penyalahgunaan deepfake menimbulkan masalah hukum, khususnya jika digunakan untuk menyebarkan tuduhan zina (qadzaf) atau konten yang merusak kehormatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ketentuan jarimah qadzaf dalam hukum pidana Islam, mengkaji karakteristik deepfake sebagai bentuk fitnah modern, serta menganalisis kedudukan hukumnya dari perspektif hukum pidana Islam. Penelitian hukum normatif ini menggunakan pendekatan konseptual, perundang-undangan, dan kasus. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dari Al-Qur'an, hadis, kitab fikih, peraturan perundang-undangan, serta literatur ilmiah relevan, lalu dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jarimah qadzaf bertujuan melindungi kehormatan manusia dari tuduhan zina tanpa bukti sah. Penyalahgunaan deepfake berkarakteristik sebagai fitnah modern karena mengandung manipulasi informasi yang merusak reputasi. Berdasarkan qiyas dan maqasid al-syariah, deepfake yang memuat tuduhan zina memiliki persamaan 'illat dengan jarimah qadzaf sehingga dikualifikasikan sebagai qadzaf modern. Namun, penerapannya memerlukan pembuktian sesuai syariat. Jika syarat pembuktian sanksi hudud tidak terpenuhi, sanksi ta'zir menjadi alternatif yang tepat untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap kehormatan manusia di era digital.
Kata Kunci: Deepfake, Jarimah Qadzaf, Hukum Pidana Islam, Maqasid al-Syariah, Fitnah Digital.
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