Rekonstruksi Hukum Keluarga Dan Waris Islam Di Era Disrupsi Digital: Perspektif Maqāṣid Al-Sharī'ah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30651/mqsd.v15i1.33318Abstrak
Studi sosio-legal normatif ini mengkaji bagaimana disrupsi digital menantang regulasi hukum keluarga dan waris Islam di Indonesia dengan memperkenalkan fenomena-fenomena baru yang membebani kerangka hukum konvensional. Digitalisasi telah memungkinkan pelaksanaan pernikahan daring (termasuk pertukaran mahar digital), pewarisan mata uang kripto (cryptocurrency) dan aset digital lainnya (seperti akun kreator konten, pendapatan iklan digital, dan nama domain), serta penerapan Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) dan blockchain untuk verifikasi identitas dan autentikasi dokumen. Inovasi-inovasi ini telah menciptakan kekosongan hukum dan ketidakpastian dalam kodifikasi nasional hukum keluarga Islam yang disusun di era pra-digital, sekaligus memunculkan pertanyaan etis yang mendalam mengenai garis keturunan (nasab), hak kepemilikan, dan perlindungan data pribadi. Dengan mengadopsi pendekatan sosio-legal normatif yang berlandaskan pada maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, studi ini mengevaluasi bagaimana lima tujuan utama Syariah yaitu perlindungan agama (ḥifẓ al-dīn), jiwa (ḥifẓ al-nafs), akal (ḥifẓ al-ʿaql), keturunan (ḥifẓ al-nasl), dan harta (ḥifẓ al-māl) dapat memandu reformasi hukum. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hukum Islam memiliki fleksibilitas epistemologis untuk merespons disrupsi digital. Rekonstruksi hukum berbasis maqāṣid diusulkan melalui: (1) pengakuan terhadap keabsahan akad pernikahan daring dengan syarat ketat berupa integrasi audio-visual waktu nyata (real-time) dan jaminan identitas yang terverifikasi; (2) pengkodifikasian aset digital yang memiliki nilai ekonomi (mutaqawwim) sebagai harta warisan (tarikah) yang diakui secara hukum; dan (3) perumusan mekanisme perencanaan warisan digital untuk melindungi hak para ahli waris. Implikasi kebijakan dari studi ini menganjurkan adanya amendemen (perubahan) terhadap peraturan nasional untuk memastikan keadilan, kepastian hukum, dan kemaslahatan umum (maslahah) di era digital.
Kata Kunci: Hukum Keluarga Islam, Disrupsi Digital, Maqāṣid Al-Shari'ah, Pernikahan Daring, Warisan Digital.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Saiful Ibnu Hamzah

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