Analisis Peran Masyarakat Dan Lembaga Adat Dalam Pencegahan Kekerasan Pada Perempuan Dan Anak Di Mandailing Perspektif Maqasid Al Syari’ah

Authors

  • Ali Misran Pulungan Ali UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30651/mqsd.v15i2.32655

Abstract

Kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan anak masih menjadi persoalan serius di Indonesia, termasuk dalam masyarakat adat Mandailing. Meskipun pemerintah telah menetapkan berbagai regulasi, seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga, Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual, angka kekerasan belum menunjukkan penurunan signifikan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan hukum formal belum sepenuhnya mampu menjawab persoalan kekerasan di tingkat komunitas. Masyarakat Mandailing memiliki sistem sosial Dalihan Na Tolu dan lembaga adat yang berpotensi menjadi instrumen pencegahan, tetapi efektivitasnya belum banyak dikaji dalam perspektif Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran masyarakat dan lembaga adat Mandailing dalam mencegah kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan anak serta mengevaluasinya berdasarkan tujuan syariat Islam. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode field research melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif-analitis dengan pendekatan sosio-legal dan teori Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah Jasser Auda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Dalihan Na Tolu, lembaga adat, tokoh agama, kelompok perempuan, dan generasi muda berperan dalam membangun kontrol sosial, edukasi, mediasi, dan deteksi dini. Namun, efektivitasnya masih terkendala budaya patriarki, culture of silence, keterbatasan kewenangan lembaga adat, dan lemahnya sinergi dengan hukum formal. Dalam perspektif Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah, pencegahan kekerasan merealisasikan hifẓ al-nafs, hifẓ al-nasl, dan hifẓ al-‘irḍ. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada model integratif yang menghubungkan Dalihan Na Tolu, partisipasi masyarakat, dan Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah sebagai kerangka perlindungan berbasis kearifan lokal yang dapat disinergikan dengan sistem hukum nasional.

Kata Kunci: Lembaga Adat; Pencegahan Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan dan Anak; Dalihan Na Tolu; Maqosid al-Syari’ah.

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Published

30-08-2026

Issue

Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Maqasid: Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam

Section

Artikel

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Copyright (c) 2026 Ali Misran Pulungan Ali

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