Persepsi Komisi Fatwa MUI Provinsi Lampung Terhadap Mahar Uang Digital (Bitcoin) Dalam Perspektif Maqasid Syari’ah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30651/mqsd.v15i2.31930Abstract
Penelitian ini membahas persepsi Komisi Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) Provinsi Lampung terhadap penggunaan Bitcoin sebagai mahar dalam perkawinan Islam dalam perspektif Maqāṣid Syarī'ah. Perkembangan cryptocurrency sebagai aset digital memunculkan persoalan hukum baru mengenai keabsahan dan kelayakannya sebagai mahar. Meskipun berbagai penelitian telah mengkaji status hukum cryptocurrency sebagai aset digital maupun instrumen investasi, kajian mengenai persepsi lembaga fatwa daerah terhadap penggunaan Bitcoin sebagai mahar dalam perspektif Maqāṣid Syarī'ah masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan pandangan di internal Komisi Fatwa MUI Provinsi Lampung serta mengkajinya berdasarkan perspektif Maqāṣid Syarī'ah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian lapangan melalui pendekatan normatif-teologis dan konseptual. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif-analitis berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip Maqāṣid Syarī'ah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya dua kecenderungan pandangan, yaitu pendekatan protektif yang tidak merekomendasikan penggunaan Bitcoin sebagai mahar karena volatilitas nilainya berpotensi menimbulkan gharar, serta pendekatan akomodatif yang membolehkan penggunaannya selama jumlah, nilai, dan kesepakatan para pihak terpenuhi. Dalam perspektif Maqāṣid Syarī'ah, pendekatan protektif berorientasi pada prinsip ḥifẓ al-māl, ḥifẓ al-nasl, dan sadd al-dharī'ah, sedangkan pendekatan akomodatif bertumpu pada prinsip maṣlaḥah dan taysīr. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis empiris terhadap persepsi Komisi Fatwa MUI Provinsi Lampung mengenai penggunaan Bitcoin sebagai mahar melalui perspektif Maqāṣid Syarī'ah. Penelitian ini diharapkan memperkaya kajian hukum keluarga Islam kontemporer serta menjadi referensi bagi pengembangan fatwa terkait penggunaan aset digital dalam akad perkawinan.
Kata Kunci: Cryptocurrency; Bitcoin sebagai Mahar; Maqasid Syariah; Persepsi Fatwa MUI Provinsi Lampung.
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