Tinjauan Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif Terhadap Pelaksanaan Akad Nikah Bagi Penyandang Disabilitas Tunawicara Di KUA Dlingo Bantul
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30651/mqsd.v15i1.31165Abstract
Kajian ini membahas praktik akad nikah bagi penyandang disabilitas tunawicara di KUA Dlingo Bantul dalam perspektif hukum Islam dan hukum positif di Indonesia, dengan menyoroti pentingnya penyesuaian komunikasi dalam pelaksanaan akad. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keterbatasan komunikasi yang berpotensi memengaruhi keabsahan akad nikah, sehingga diperlukan analisis untuk memastikan kesesuaiannya dengan ketentuan hukum yang berlaku. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif-empiris melalui wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik akad nikah dilakukan melalui penggunaan bahasa isyarat, media tertulis, serta bantuan pendamping guna memastikan terpenuhinya unsur kesepahaman (taradhi) antara para pihak. Dalam perspektif fikih, penggunaan isyarat diperbolehkan selama maknanya jelas, sehingga akad tetap sah. Praktik ini juga sejalan dengan prinsip maqashid al-syari’ah, khususnya dalam menjaga keturunan (hifz al-nasl) dan martabat manusia (hifz al-nafs). Dalam perspektif hukum positif, praktik tersebut tidak bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa praktik akad nikah disabilitas tunawicara merupakan bentuk adaptasi hukum yang tetap menjaga substansi akad serta mencerminkan prinsip keadilan, kemaslahatan, dan non-diskriminasi. Secara akademis, penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan hukum keluarga Islam yang inklusif serta menjadi dasar peningkatan kebijakan dan pelayanan publik yang ramah disabilitas.
Kata Kunci: Disabilitas Tunawicara, Akad Nikah, Hukum Islam, Hukum Positif, Maqashid Syari’ah.
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