Poligami Dalam Perspektif Maslahah Mursalah: Antara Solusi Keluarga Dan Potensi Disintegrasi Sosial (Studi Di Kecamatan Suranenggala)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30651/mqsd.v15i2.30999Abstract
Poligami merupakan institusi hukum keluarga Islam yang memiliki legitimasi normatif dalam ajaran Islam, namun dalam praktik sosial kontemporer sering menimbulkan ketegangan antara kebolehan teologis dan dampak sosiologisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis praktik poligami dalam perspektif hukum Islam dan konsep maslahat mursalah untuk menilai apakah praktik tersebut lebih dominan menghadirkan kemaslahatan atau justru berpotensi melahirkan disintegrasi sosial. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Suranenggala, Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat, dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui desain studi kasus dan pendekatan yuridis-sosiologis. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap pelaku poligami, istri pertama, istri kedua, tokoh agama, dan petugas Kantor Urusan Agama, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik menggunakan kerangka maqasid al-syari‘ah dan konsep maslahat mursalah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik poligami memiliki legitimasi teologis, namun kemaslahatan yang muncul cenderung bersifat parsial dan individual, seperti terpenuhinya keinginan memiliki keturunan dan dukungan ekonomi dalam usaha keluarga. Sebaliknya, dampak emosional dan sosial lebih luas dirasakan oleh pihak lain, terutama istri pertama dan anak, termasuk menurunnya kualitas relasi keluarga dan tekanan psikologis. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik poligami lebih berpotensi memicu disintegrasi relasi keluarga dibanding menjadi solusi keluarga yang berkelanjutan. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi pendekatan yuridis-sosiologis dengan teori maslahat mursalah untuk mengevaluasi praktik poligami secara empiris pada tingkat komunitas lokal.
Kata Kunci: Poligami; Maslahat Mursalah; Maqasid Al-Syari‘ah; Disintegrasi Sosial.
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