Konstruksi Tanggung Jawab Hukum Orang Tua Terhadap Anak Usia Dini Dalam Penyerahan Ke Pesantren Perspektif Maqāṣid Shari‘ah
(Studi Kasus Pondok Pesantren Al-Huda Pamijahan Kabupaten Cirebon)
Abstract
Penyerahan anak usia dini ke pesantren merupakan fenomena sosial-keagamaan yang semakin berkembang di Indonesia dan menimbulkan persoalan hukum terkait batas tanggung jawab orang tua serta perlindungan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi tanggung jawab hukum orang tua setelah penyerahan anak, menilai kesesuaian praktik pengasuhan dengan prinsip best interest of the child, serta mengevaluasinya dalam perspektif maqasid al-syari‘ah. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus di Pondok Pesantren Al-Huda Pamijahan, Kabupaten Cirebon, melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi terhadap empat informan kunci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanggung jawab orang tua dalam praktik penyerahan anak terbagi menjadi dua pola: tanggung jawab substantif yang ditandai komunikasi aktif dan pemantauan rutin, serta tanggung jawab simbolik yang hanya berhenti pada persetujuan administratif tanpa pengawasan berkelanjutan. Praktik pengasuhan di pesantren telah menunjukkan pendekatan ramah anak, namun prinsip kepentingan terbaik anak belum terlembagakan secara sistematis dalam kebijakan. Dalam perspektif maqasid al-syari‘ah, praktik ini hanya legitim apabila menjaga keseimbangan antara pemeliharaan agama, perlindungan jiwa, dan perkembangan akal anak. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis integratif yang menempatkan orang tua sebagai subjek hukum utama dalam praktik penyerahan anak. Temuan ini berimplikasi pada perlunya penguatan standar pengasuhan berbasis perlindungan anak dan keterlibatan orang tua secara berkelanjutan dalam pendidikan pesantren.
Kata Kunci: Anak Usia Dini; Pesantren; Maqasid Al-Syari’ah.
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