Rekonstruksi Konsep Wali Nikah Dalam Praktik Pernikahan Online di Kota Padang Perspektif Maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30651/mqsd.v15i1.30229Abstract
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merekonstruksi konsep wali nikah dalam praktik pernikahan digital berdasarkan kaidah maqāṣid al-syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, karena fenomena pernikahan daring belum banyak diteliti secara empiris dari masyarakat. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan lima narasumber, yaitu dosen Hukum Keluarga Islam, Kepala KUA Kota Padang, pasangan GR dan NR, serta wali nikah, sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari penelitian terdahulu yang relevan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui purposive sampling, dan analisis dilakukan menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman, meliputi reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan untuk menginterpretasikan data dengan konsep maqāṣid al-syariah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pernikahan virtual GR dan NR mampu memenuhi tujuan syariah secara menyeluruh. Pertama, hifz al-din, nilai agama tetap terjaga karena wali hadir melalui video call dan saksi lengkap. Kedua, hifz al-nasl, legitimasi nasab dan kepastian keluarga terjamin, Ketiga, hifz al-nafs, keselamatan dan kenyamanan peserta tercapai karena tidak ada risiko perjalanan jauh. Keempat, hifz al-aql, proses dilakukan secara rasional, pengawasan identitas dan saksi dijalankan dengan tertib. Kelima, hifz al-mal, hak finansial pasangan, termasuk mahar dan nafkah, tetap terlindungi melalui pencatatan resmi dan dokumentasi digital. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pernikahan daring dapat dijadikan alternatif yang efektif, aman, dan sah secara syariah, terutama dalam situasi darurat atau keterbatasan mobilitas.
Kata Kunci: Wali Nikah, Maqasid Syariah, Nikah Online.
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