Pemahaman Masyarakat Tentang Qodho dan Fidyah Puasa Perspektif Imam Syafi’i (Studi Kasus Kecamatan Air Joman Kabupaten Asahan)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30651/mqsd.v14i3.28926Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya indikasi ketidakselarasan antara praktik ibadah pengganti puasa Ramadan di masyarakat Kecamatan Air Joman dengan ketentuan normatif Fikih Imam Syafi’i. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan ketentuan Qodho dan Fidyah menurut pandangan Syafi’i, menggali tingkat pemahaman dan praktik masyarakat lokal, serta mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis kesenjangan antara keduanya. Kajian ini mengadopsi pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Studi Kasus (Field Research). Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi terhadap masyarakat dan tokoh agama setempat. Data empiris ini kemudian dianalisis dan ditinjau menggunakan Studi Pustaka (Library Research) terhadap karya ulama Syafi’iyyah (Al-Umm dan Al-Majmu’) sebagai kriteria standar. Secara hipotetis, temuan awal mengindikasikan bahwa pemahaman masyarakat bervariasi; meskipun mayoritas memahami kewajiban Qodho untuk uzur sementara (seperti haid), kekeliruan krusial terjadi pada ketentuan Fidyah. Khususnya pada kasus ibu hamil/menyusui yang meninggalkan puasa karena khawatir pada bayinya, di mana masyarakat sering kali hanya melakukan Qodho atau Fidyah saja, padahal ketentuan Syafi’i mewajibkan Qodho sekaligus Fidyah. Inkonsistensi ini dipengaruhi oleh dominasi tradisi lisan dan keterbatasan akses terhadap literatur fikih yang mendalam. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi kontribusi signifikan dalam peningkatan literasi keagamaan masyarakat Air Joman agar praktik ibadah mereka selaras dengan tuntunan Fikih Syafi’i.
Kata Kunci: Pemahaman, Qodho dan Fidyah, Puasa, Imam Syafi’i.
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