Dinamika Usia Perkawinan Dan Dispensasi Kawin Di Indonesia Perspektif Hukum Positif Dan Maqashid Syari’ah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30651/mqsd.v14i3.28313Abstract
Isu pernikahan dini di Indonesia semakin kompleks, diperparah dengan tingginya praktik dispensasi perkawinan di pengadilan agama. Meskipun regulasi telah menaikkan
batas usia minimum, data menunjukkan adanya lonjakan signifikan permohonan yang sebagian besar dikabulkan, menciptakan celah hukum yang melegitimasi pernikahan anak. Studi ini bertujuan menganalisis praktik dispensasi perkawinan dari perspektif hukum dan tujuan luhur hukum Islam (maqashid syariah). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode kepustakaan, penelitian ini menganalisis sumber-sumber hukum serta literatur akademik relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dispensasi yang longgar berpotensi mengabaikan perlindungan anak. Praktik ini menimbulkan dampak negatif, seperti peningkatan risiko perceraian, masalah kesehatan reproduksi, dan gangguan psikologis bagi pasangan muda. Dari sisi tujuan hukum Islam, kebijakan yang terlalu permisif ini bertentangan dengan prinsip perlindungan jiwa (hifz al-nafs), akal (hifz al-aql), dan keturunan (hifz al-nasl). Oleh karena itu, dispensasi seharusnya diposisikan sebagai
langkah darurat yang sangat selektif, bukan sebagai solusi struktural atas persoalan sosial. Solusi yang lebih fundamental adalah penguatan regulasi, pendidikan, dan pemberdayaan ekonomi untuk mencegah pernikahan dini. Secara akademis, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar pengembangan kebijakan hukum keluarga Islam yang lebih berorientasi pada perlindungan anak dan pencapaian tujuan syariah dalam konteks sosial modern Indonesia.
Kata kunci: Pernikahan Dini; Dispensasi Kawin; Maqashid Syari’ah.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Najihatul Ulya, Muhammad Royhan Assaiq, Ricy Fatkhurrokhman

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