Mata Uang Kripto Sebagai Mahar Perkawinan Perspektif Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘Ah Jasser Auda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30651/mqs.v14i1.26167Abstrak
Di tengah perkembangan teknologi dan ekonomi digital, kripto mulai menarik perhatian sebagai bentuk mahar alternatif. Namun, penggunaannya masih menuai kontroversi. Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) melarang kripto sebagai alat pembayaran karena mengandung unsur garar (ketidakjelasan), ḍarar (kerugian), dan qimār (spekulasi/perjudian). Di sisi lain, Bappebti dan OJK mengakui kripto sebagai aset komoditi yang sah untuk diperdagangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan keabsahan penggunaan mata uang kripto sebagai mahar dalam perkawinan di Indonesia dan menganalisisnya berdasarkan maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah menurut Jasser Auda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual. Data diperoleh dari studi kepustakaan yang meliputi bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier, serta bahan non-hukum yang relevan. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif melalui interpretasi terhadap bahan hukum yang dikumpulkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: pertama, secara hukum positif, kripto diakui sebagai komoditas yang sah meskipun bukan alat pembayaran resmi. Dalam hukum Islam, kripto dapat dijadikan mahar selama memiliki nilai jelas, disepakati bersama, dan bebas dari unsur yang diharamkan. Untuk mengatasi volatilitas, dapat digunakan aset kripto yang memiliki dukungan aset nyata atau dikonversi ke mata uang resmi. Kedua, menurut teori sistem Jasser Auda, kripto dapat diterima sebagai mahar jika memenuhi prinsip maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah seperti keadilan, kemaslahatan, dan kesepakatan, serta dilakukan secara transparan melalui platform resmi yang diawasi.
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