Problematika Hukum Tabungan Dengan Akad Mudharabah Di Perbankan Syariah
Abstract
Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi adanya indikasi bahwa secara mekanisme
tidak ada perbedaan antara tabungan dengan akad mudharabah atau
akad lainnya, sehingga memunculkan beberapa problematika hukum
dalam akad tersebut. Seperti halnya tabungan wadi’ah, dalam tabungan
mudharabah nasabah juga dapat mengambil atau menambah dananya
sewaktu-waktu di bank. Jika nasabah dapat sewaktu-waktu mengambil
dananya di bank, apakah di setiap transaksinya membutuhkan akad baru,
karena jumlah modal yang dimudharabah-kan tentunya berbeda dengan
modal awal akad, modal juga masih terlihat dalam penguasaan sahib al-
mal, dan bahkan mudarib seperti tidak diberi waktu untuk mengusahakan
dana yang dimudharabah-kan tersebut. Selain itu, dalam tabungan
mudharabah, sahib al-mal tidak dibebani resiko kerugian, di mana
seharusnya adanya resiko kerugian yang ditanggung oleh sahib al-mal
merupakan salah satu ciri khas akad mudharabah. Secara global
disimpulkan bahwa akad tabungan mudharabah di perbankan syariah saat
ini, walaupun terdapat beberapa problematika hukum dalam sistem dan
aplikasinya tetap digolongkan ke dalam akad nafiz, yaitu akad yang sah
dan dapat dilaksanakan akibat hukumnya.
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