Characteristics of Facilitated Critical Thinking in Speaking for Maritime English Improvement
Abstract
The maritime industry, a cornerstone of global trade and commerce, relies heavily on effective communication, primarily through Maritime English. Ensuring safety, operational efficiency, and regulatory compliance on international waters necessitates proficiency in this standardized form of English. Despite its critical role, many maritime professionals struggle with Maritime English, especially speaking and critical thinking skills. This study explores how facilitated critical thinking in speaking can enhance Maritime English proficiency. Facilitated critical thinking involves instructional strategies that promote analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of information through interactive dialogues, problem-solving tasks, reflective practice, and collaborative learning. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, including quantitative and qualitative phases, to examine these strategies among maritime students and professionals. Results from paired samples statistics, correlations, and t-tests indicate significant improvements in speaking proficiency and critical thinking skills following the intervention. The findings suggest that integrating critical thinking into language instruction effectively addresses the unique challenges maritime professionals face, ultimately enhancing communication and safety in the maritime industry
References
Ahmmed, R., Sinha, B. S., Khan, D. R., & Islam, D. M. (2020). A needs analysis of maritime English language skills for Bangladeshi seafarers to work on-board ships. Marine Policy, 119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104041
Ali, D., & Souisa, T. R. (2019). The Influence Of Debate Technique, And Students’ Critical Thinking Towards Their Speaking Ability. Pedagogika: Jurnal Pedagogika Dan Dinamika Pendidikan, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.30598/pedagogikavol7issue1page28-44
Al-Sabbah, S. (2015). The Applications of Qualitative and Quantitative Research among Academic Staff in Psychology and Education: A Review of Practice. International Journal of Education and Research, 3(3).
Anokhina, E. N., & Pavlova, T. S. (2022). The use of critical thinking and project technology in forming speaking and writing skills in the RFL. Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (Pedagogics), 2. https://doi.org/10.18384/2310-7219-2022-2-25-35
Bahruddin, U., Halomoan, & Sahid, M. M. (2020). Implementation of Hots in Debate Strategy To Improve the Ability of Speaking Arabic Among Students. Solid State Technology, 63(4).
Bhangu, S., Provost, F., & Caduff, C. (2023). Introduction to qualitative research methods - Part i. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/picr.picr_253_22
Busetto, L., Wick, W., & Gumbinger, C. (2020). How to use and assess qualitative research methods. In Neurological Research and Practice (Vol. 2, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-020-00059-z
Cahyono, S., & Danim, S. (2023). Promoting Critical Thinking, Communication Collaboration and Creativity (4C) in Teaching Speaking Using the Fishbowl Strategy. Tadbir : Jurnal Studi Manajemen Pendidikan, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.29240/jsmp.v7i2.8168
Chen, M. R. A., & Hwang, G. J. (2020). Effects of a concept mapping-based flipped learning approach on EFL students’ English speaking performance, critical thinking awareness and speaking anxiety. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12887
Dewi, K. T. K. (2021). Thinking Critically through Storytelling Technique: Enhancing Students’ HOTS and English Speaking Skill. Journal of Educational Study, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.36663/joes.v1i1.151
Dwihastuti, D. N., Mayuni, I., Dewanti, R., & Kusdinar, F. A. (2023). Analysis on Short Podcast and Critical Thinking Skills-Infused in Speaking Learning Materials. Jurnal Pelangi, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.22202/jp.2023.v14i1.6781
Elouali, F. zohra. (2023). Incorporating role-play as an innovative approach to fostering English Foreign Language students’ creativity and critical thinking. Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.18844/gjflt.v13i2.8718
El-Zayat, A. A. M. (2019). The Effectiveness of Using A Cloud-Based Application in Developing Speaking and Critical Thinking Skills of English Major Students at Faculty of Education. , 106(4). https://doi.org/10.21608/maed.2019.135074
Gao, J. (2024). A Study on the Teaching Mode of Integrating Value Cultivation with Critical Thinking in the Listening and Speaking Course for English Majors. Studies in English Language Teaching, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.22158/selt.v12n1p18
Hadi, M. S., Izzah, L., & Maharani, A. (2021). A Learning Analysis of EFL Students’ Debate Activity by Using British Parliamentary for Enhancing Speaking Ability and Critical Thinking. Alsuna: Journal of Arabic and English Language, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.31538/alsuna.v4i1.1307
Hennink, M., & Kaiser, B. N. (2022). Sample sizes for saturation in qualitative research: A systematic review of empirical tests. Social Science and Medicine, 292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114523
Hrnić, M. (2022). The Attitudes of Students and Teachers, Future and Former Seafarers, Towards the Importance of Maritime English. Nase More, 69(1). https://doi.org/10.17818/NM/2022/1.5
Irianti, L., Faridi, A., Pratama, H., & Suwandi. (2024). Flipped classroom and critical thinking on public speaking class. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2315815
Kusmaryani, W. (2022). The Effect of Socratics Questioning Method in Improving Students’ Speaking Skill and Critical Thinking in English as a Foreign Language Learning. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Innovation in Education and Pedagogy (ICIEP 2020), 619. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211219.051
Kusmaryani, W., Musthafa, B., & Purnawarman, P. (2020). Optimizing Students’ Speaking and Critical Thinking through Students’ Reflective Practice in Socratic Circle Speaking. https://doi.org/10.5220/0008215802010209
Leary, D. (2024). 8. International Maritime Organization (IMO). Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvad052
Love, H. R., Fettig, A., & Steed, E. A. (2023). Putting the “Mix” in Mixed Methods: How to Integrate Quantitative and Qualitative Research in Early Childhood Special Education Research. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 43(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/02711214231199268
Manurung, Y. H., & Siregar, F. S. (2018). Developing Students Critical Thinking on Speaking Through Socratic Questioning Method. https://doi.org/10.2991/iclle-18.2018.35
Michelot, F., Béland, S., & Poellhuber, B. (2022). A transnational comparative study of preservice teachers’ critical thinking skills and metaliteracy self-efficacy. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-10-2021-0191
Namaganda, E., Otsuki, K., & Steel, G. (2023). Understanding the cumulative socioenvironmental impacts of energy transition-induced extractivism in Mozambique: The role of mixed methods. Journal of Environmental Management, 338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117811
Nguyen, B.-P. T. (2020). Critical Thinking in an Academic Speaking Class for EFL Students. Asian Journal of English Language Teaching, 29.
Prasatyo, B. A., Gustary, D. T., & Santosa, S. (2021). The Effects of Grammar Mastery and Critical Thinking on Students’ Speaking Skill. Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v1i1.2
Raju, M., Lavanya, S., & Mrunalini Shashanka, B. (2020). Critical thinking: An empirical study on undergraduate students to enhancing speaking skills through critical thinking. In Journal of Critical Reviews (Vol. 7, Issue 5). https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.05.142
Ramezani, R., Larsari, E. E., & Kiasi, M. A. (2016). The Relationship between Critical Thinking and EFL Learners’ Speaking Ability. English Language Teaching, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n6p189
Saleky, A. P. (2018). The Influence of Socratic Questioning Technique and Students Critical Thinking toward Their Speaking Competence at SMA Negeri 11 Ambon. Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.30605/ethicallingua.v5i2.877
Sandiuc, C., & Balagiu, A. (2020). The Use of Crossword Puzzles as a Strategy to Teach Maritime English Vocabulary. Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.21279/1454-864X-20-I1-032
Sudirman, S., & Tawali, T. (2022a). Implementing Value Line Learning Strategy In Increasing Students’ Critical Thinking In Speaking Skill. Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.58258/jime.v8i1.2748
Sudirman, S., & Tawali, T. (2022b). Implementing Value Line Learning Strategy In Increasing Students’ Critical Thinking In Speaking Skill. Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.36312/jime.v8i1.2748
Tuychiev, A. (2023). “Organizing debates for developing critical thinking and speaking skills of students in teaching a foreign language.” Scientific Journal of the Fergana State University, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.56292/sjfsu/vol29_iss1/a95
Vahdani Sanavi, R., & Tarighat, S. (2014). Critical thinking and speaking proficiency: A mixed-method study. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.4.1.79-87
Vidhiasi, D. M. (2022). Maritime English: Teaching English for Maritime Sciences or Teaching Maritime Sciences in English? Saintara : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Maritim, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.52475/saintara.v6i1.152
Wahyudi, R., Rukmini, D., Anggani, D., & Bharati, L. (2019). English Education Journal Developing Discovery Learning-Based Assessment Module to Stimulate Critical Thinking and Creativity of Students’ Speaking Performance. EEJ, 9(2).
Wahyuni, S., Qamariah, H., Gani, S. A., Yusuf, Y. Q., & Syahputra, M. (2019). Critical Thinking Skills: British
Parliamentary Debate System to Improve English as Foreign Language (EFL) Students’ Critical Speaking. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i3.444
Wang, L. (2023). An Analysis of the Latest Progress in Maritime English Teaching. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications. https://doi.org/10.7753/ijsea1203.1009
Wati, W. S., Dj., M. Z., & Hasanah, U. (2023). Thinking in English as a strategy in creating better performance for the students’ critical speaking skill. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning (JETLE), 4(2). https://doi.org/10.18860/jetle.v4i2.20416
Yin, S., Guo, K., & Li, D. (2024). To Assign a Topic or Not: Examining Critical Thinking in English as a Foreign Language Speaking. RELC Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882231222651
Authors
Copyright (c) 2024 Natriya Faisal Rachman, Wahyuni Oktavia, Jaka Septian Kustanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
