FINDING COMMON GROUND: THE INTEGRATION OF EMPIRICISM AND RATIONALISM IN ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION TO ENHANCE LEARNING QUALITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30651/sr.v9i01.25047Kata Kunci:
Integrasi Empirisme dan Rasionalisme, Pendidikan Agama Islam, Pembelajaran Holistik, Refleksi KritisAbstrak
This study explores the integration of empiricism and rationalism and its implications for Islamic Religious Education. Using a qualitative approach and literature study method, it analyzes the perspectives of empiricism and rationalism in the philosophy of science and their relevance to religious teaching. The study reviews classic works of philosophers like John Locke and René Descartes, alongside contemporary literature. Findings reveal that the empirical approach, emphasizing experience through worship and socio-religious activities, enhances students' understanding of religious teachings. Simultaneously, rationalism fosters critical reflection, enabling students to logically analyze and connect religious teachings with contemporary life. Integrating these approaches in the PAI curriculum creates holistic, effective, and practical learning. Theoretically, this supports the development of integrated religious education concepts, while practically, it encourages contextual teaching methods relevant to current challenges. However, the study is limited in its scope of application across diverse school types and does not assess the long-term impact of this integration. Future research should include longitudinal studies to evaluate the effectiveness of this integration in improving students' understanding and application of religious teachings across varied educational contexts. This would further enrich the conceptual and practical framework of Islamic Religious Education.
Referensi
Al-Kindi, A Y. “Fi’ Falsafat Al-Ula.” Cairo: Darul Ihya Al-Kutub Al-’Arabiyya, 1948.
Aladdiin, Hisyam Muhammad Fiqyh. “Materi Pendidikan Agama Islam Di Sekolah Dalam Membentuk Karakter Kebangsaan.” Jurnal Penelitian Medan Agama 10 (2019). http://jurnal.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/medag/article/view/6417.
ALFIAN, A. PEMIKIRAN FILSAFAT AL-FARABI. academia.edu, 2017. https://www.academia.edu/download/89297586/Pemikiran_Filsafat_Al_Farabi.pdf.
Anjustian, Meli, Surni Kadir, and Adhriansyah A Lasawali. “Upaya Meningkatkan Keaktifan Dan Prestasi Belajar PAI Melalui Metode Diskusi Di SMP Negeri 6 Bolano Lambunu.” Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains 3, no. 5 (2020): 232–35. https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v3i5.1720.
Ariani, Lisna. “Analisis Desain Dan Implementasi Anatomi Kurikulum PAI Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.” Al Madrasah Jurnal Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiya 8, no. 3 (2024): 1427. https://doi.org/10.35931/am.v8i3.3725.
Aryati, A. “Filsafat Di Dunia Timur: Pemikiran Al-Kindi Dan Al-Farabi.” El-Afkar: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman Dan …, 2015. https://ejournal.uinfasbengkulu.ac.id/index.php/elafkar/article/view/1548.
B, Parno. “PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PAI MATERI SHOLAT BERJAMAAH MELALUI METODE DEMONSTRASI PADA SISWA KELAS VII.A DI SMPN 29 TANJUNG JABUNG TIMUR.” Jurnal Pendidikan Guru 3, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.47783/jurpendigu.v3i2.340.
Billah, Zakkia Amanah, Kuliyatun Kuliyatun, and Nina Tisnawati. “PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER POSITIF MELALUI PENEKANAN PENDIDIKAN AFEKSI BERBASIS PAI TERHADAP SISWA KELAS VIII DI SMP N 3 PAGELARAN.” PROFETIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Pendidikan Agama Islam 2, no. 2 (2022): 48–56. https://doi.org/10.24127/profetik.v2i2.2226.
Descartes, R. Meditations on First Philosophy:“Meditation II.” resources.saylor.org, 1967. https://resources.saylor.org/wwwresources/archived/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/PHIL101-2.3.2.2.pdf.
Faizi, N. “Metodologi Pemikiran Rene Descartes (Rasionalisme) Dan David Hume (Empirisme) Dalam Pendidikan Islam.” Risalah, Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Islam, 2023. http://www.jurnal.faiunwir.ac.id/index.php/Jurnal_Risalah/article/view/554.
Fatonah, Fatonah. “Peningkatan Hasil Belajar PAI Pada Materi Iman Kepada Rasul Allah Melalui Model Pembelajaran Number Head Together (NHT) Pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN 1 Mlinjon.” Jurnal Pendidikan : Riset Dan Konseptual 6, no. 1 (2022): 77. https://doi.org/10.28926/riset_konseptual.v6i1.455.
Ghazali. Ihya ’Ulum Al-Din. BRILL, 1963. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004662087.
Guna, Ahmad Saka Falwa. “PEMIKIRAN IBNU MISKAWAIH (RELEGIUS-RASIONAL) TENTANG PENDIDIKAN DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN ERA MODERN.” Jurnal PAI Raden Fatah 2, no. 3 (2020): 230–44. https://doi.org/10.19109/pairf.v2i3.5144.
Hafiz, Abdul, and Suparto. “Teori Pendidikan Empirisme Behaviorisme (John Locke) Dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam.” Rayah Al-Islam 8, no. 1 (2024): 143–60. https://doi.org/10.37274/rais.v8i1.917.
Hapipah, R. “Implementasi Pemikiran Filsuf Pada Rasionalisme, Empirisme, Dan Pendidikan IPS.” Tugas Mata Kuliah Mahasiswa, 2022.
Hasibuan, Anwar. “Implementasi Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek” 2, no. 3 (2024): 424–31.
Hidayat, Tatang, and Makhmud Syafe’i. “FILSAFAT PERENCANAAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PERENCANAAN PEMBELAJARAN PAI DI SEKOLAH.” Lentera Pendidikan : Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah Dan Keguruan 21, no. 2 (2018): 188. https://doi.org/10.24252/lp.2018v21n2i5.
Hume, D. An Enquiry Concerning the Human Understanding: And an Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals. books.google.com, 1894. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en%5C&lr=%5C&id=DTU7AAAAYAAJ%5C&oi=fnd%5C&pg=PR1%5C&dq=hume+enquiry%5C&ots=EMCTC3X3TH%5C&sig=geraSmS-sdaYcYoOfUGWcwN_Biw.
Junanah, Ahmad Zubaidi Burhan Nudin Edi Safitri, Kurniawan Dwi Saputra Mir’atun Nur Arifah Moh. Mizan Habibi, Mohamad Joko Susilo M Nurul Ikhsan Saleh Nanang Nuryanta Siska Sulistyorini, Siti Afifah Adawiyah Sri Haningsih, and Editor: Imajinasi Dan Refleksi Kritis Pengembangan Pendidikan Islam, 2022.
Kuswandi, R, and O Ofianto. “Pengembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan Dalam Konsep Rasionalisme Empirisme: Perspektif Historis Dan Epistemologis.” Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 2023. https://jptam.org/index.php/jptam/article/view/11511.
Locke, J. “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.” London: Basset, 1999. http://markfoster.net/sociosphere/locke.pdf.
Locke, J, and T O’Mahony. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. with the Notes and Illustr. of the Author, and an Analysis of His Doctrine of Ideas. Also, Questions on Locke. philpapers.org, 2018. https://philpapers.org/rec/LOCAEC-12.
Locke, J, and F Ryland. Locke on Words An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. books.google.com, 2024. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en%5C&lr=%5C&id=Qh0BEQAAQBAJ%5C&oi=fnd%5C&pg=PR2%5C&dq=an+essay+concerning+human+understanding%5C&ots=sRsHJgwPkX%5C&sig=3YR4E4XMsj5KDlITMR01In1nWlc.
Mahmud, Mahmud. “Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar PAI Materi Hal-Hal Yang Membatalkan Sholat Melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Pada Peserta Didik Kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Kumai Hulu.” Neraca: Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi 6, no. 1 (2020): 12–21. https://doi.org/10.33084/neraca.v6i1.1882.
Maulia, L. Demokrasi Dalam Pemikiran John Locke Dan Al-Farabi. etheses.uinmataram.ac.id, 2023. https://etheses.uinmataram.ac.id/6269/1/Lina Maulia 190603004.pdf.
Minarti, Sri. “Ilmu Pendidikan Islam: Fakta Teoretis-Filosofis Dan Aplikatif-Normatif,” 2022.
Paiman, Paiman, Muhammad Zuhdi, and Erba Rozalina Yulianti. “Pembudayaan Nilai-Nilai PAI Di Sekolah Umum Yang Dikelola Yayasan Buddha (Studi Kasus SMA Cinta Kasih Tzu Chi Cengkareng).” Anuva: Jurnal Kajian Budaya, Perpustakaan, Dan Informasi 7, no. 4 (2023): 603–24. https://doi.org/10.14710/anuva.7.4.603-624.
Purwanto, Agus. “Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar PAI Dan Budi Pekerti Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Gemolong Melalui Metode Call on The Next Speaker.” Jurnal Pendidikan 28, no. 3 (2020): 231–38. https://doi.org/10.32585/jp.v28i3.483.
Qomar, M. Epistemologi Pendidikan Islam: Dari Metode Rasional Hingga Metode Kritik. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2005.
Rizma, S, and E Dewi. “Epistemologi: Rasionalisme, Empirisme, Kritisisme, Pragmatisme Positivisme Dan Positivisme Logis.” … : Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora Dan …, 2024. https://journal.unimar-amni.ac.id/index.php/sidu/article/view/1799.
Rusyd, I. “Tahafut At-Tahafut (Sanggahan Terhadap Tahafut Al-Falasifah), Terjemahan.” Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2004.
Sholikhah, Khotimatus. “NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PADA QS. AL-AN’AM AYAT 151 DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN PAI DI SEKOLAH.” Dar El-Ilmi : Jurnal Studi Keagamaan, Pendidikan Dan Humaniora 8, no. 2 (2021): 152–69. https://doi.org/10.52166/darelilmi.v8i2.2868.
Sina, I. “The Metaphysics of the Healing.” Brigham Young University Press, Provo, 2005.
Spinoza, B. Ethic: Demonstrated in Geometrical Order and Divided Into Five Parts, Which Treat I. Of God. II. Of the Nature and Origin of the Mind. III. Of the Nature and …. books.google.com, 1894. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en%5C&lr=%5C&id=yHMRAAAAYAAJ%5C&oi=fnd%5C&pg=PP7%5C&dq=%22spinoza+b%22+ethic%5C&ots=fq2SFpPcar%5C&sig=G3OWVJ0Cxy1qRn2p-yU7IG_YfQM.
Sukarni, W, and D A K Astalini. “Literatur Review: Sistem Sosial Model Pembelajaran Problem Solving Terhadap Sikap Sosial Siswa.” Jurnal Edumaspul, 2021. https://www.academia.edu/download/88105914/422.pdf.
Sulhan, Ahmad, and Muhammad Iwan Fitriani. “Reformulasi Model Pembelajaran PAI Berbasis Multikultural Melalui Paradigma Kritis Partisipatoris (Studi Multikasus Di MA Dan SMA Lombok Barat).” JURNAL PENELITIAN KEISLAMAN 9, no. 1 (2013): 50–74. https://doi.org/10.20414/jpk.v9i1.1796.
Supandi, S, M Subhan, and A Hobir. “… Metode Pengajaran Tradisional Dan Modern Dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam Studi Di Lembaga Pendidikan Internasional ABFA Pamekasan.” Journal of …, 2024. http://journal.dewanpendidikanpamekasan.com/index.php/jep/article/view/83.
Vera, S, and R Y A Hambali. “Aliran Rasionalisme Dan Empirisme Dalam Kerangka Ilmu Pengetahuan.” Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Ushuluddin, 2021. https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/jpiu/article/view/12207.
Wulandari, A T, T Ambarwati, and W Andriwidayan. “Konsep Filasafat Pendidikan Rasionalisme Dan Empirisme.” Jurnal Pendidikan Multidisipliner, 2023.
Yahya, Muhamad. “Spiritualitas Dalam Pendidikan Islam.” Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Furqan: Al-Qur’an Bahasa Dan Seni 9, no. 1 (2022): 178–94. https://doi.org/10.69880/alfurqan.v9i1.56.
Yurianti, Yurianti. “Upaya Meningkatkan Keaktifan Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pelajaran PAI Dan Budi Pekerti Materi Optimis, Ikhtiar Dan Tawakal Melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” Al-Khos: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 1, no. 1 (2021): 14–24. https://doi.org/10.62808/al-khos.v1i1.2.
Zaini, Nur, and Muhammad Afifuddin. “Pendampingan Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) Melalui Penguasaan Kitab Kuning Dan Nahwu-Shorof.” TA’AWUN 2, no. 1 (2022): 72–79. https://doi.org/10.37850/taawun.v2i01.243.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Rizal Permana, Rosmalati Muthiatil Baari, Muhamad Parhan, Faisal Fauzan Ilyasa

Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Penulis tetap memegang hak atas karyanya dan memberikan hak publikasi pertama kepada jurnal ini yang secara simultan karya tersebut dilisensikan di bawah:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License






