Arah Dan Tren Penelitian Pneumonia Anak Dan Stunting Di Negara Berpendapatan Rendah Dan Menengah: Analisis Bibliometrik

Rastra Hammasa Rafiquraya; Titih Huriah

doi:10.30651/jkm.v11i3.31297

Penulis

Rastra Hammasa Rafiquraya UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA
Titih Huriah UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30651/jkm.v11i3.31297

Kata Kunci:

malnutrisi, pneumonia, stunting, merokok

Abstrak

Pendahuluan: Pneumonia dan stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan utama pada anak di negara berpendapatan rendah dan menengah (low- and middle-income countries/LMICs). Pneumonia merupakan penyebab kematian infeksius tertinggi pada anak balita, sementara stunting mencerminkan malnutrisi kronis yang berdampak jangka panjang terhadap kesehatan dan perkembangan anak. Kedua kondisi ini saling berhubungan melalui mekanisme infeksi dan gangguan status gizi, serta dipengaruhi oleh determinan sosial dan lingkungan, termasuk paparan asap rokok di lingkungan rumah tangga. Meskipun penelitian mengenai pneumonia anak dan stunting terus berkembang, kajian yang memetakan arah dan tren penelitian secara komprehensif, khususnya dalam konteks LMICs, masih terbatas.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis arah dan tren penelitian tentang pneumonia anak dan stunting di negara berpendapatan rendah dan menengah menggunakan pendekatan analisis bibliometrik.

Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan bibliometrik terhadap artikel penelitian dan artikel ulasan yang terindeks dalam basis data Scopus pada periode 2015–2025. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak Bibliometrix dan VOSviewer untuk mengevaluasi tren publikasi, kontribusi negara, serta pola kata kunci dan jaringan kolaborasi ilmiah.

Hasil: Hasil analisis menunjukkan peningkatan publikasi yang konsisten dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, dengan dominasi kontribusi dari negara berpendapatan tinggi. Tema penelitian yang paling menonjol meliputi malnutrisi, status gizi, faktor risiko lingkungan, dan paparan asap rokok. Pemetaan kata kunci mengindikasikan pergeseran fokus penelitian menuju pendekatan yang lebih terintegrasi dalam memahami hubungan antara pneumonia dan stunting pada anak.

Kesimpulan: Penelitian mengenai pneumonia anak dan stunting di LMICs menunjukkan perkembangan menuju pendekatan yang lebih komprehensif dan multidimensional. Penguatan kapasitas riset di LMICs serta pengembangan intervensi berbasis keluarga dan komunitas diperlukan untuk mendukung upaya pencegahan pneumonia dan stunting secara berkelanjutan.

Referensi

Black, R. E., Victora, C. G., Walker, S. P., et al. (2021). Revisiting maternal and child undernutrition in low-income and middle-income countries: variable progress towards an unfinished agenda. The Lancet, 397(10282), 1388–1399. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00394-9

Chen, Y., Li, L., Wang, C., Zhang, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2023). Necrotizing pneumonia in children: Early recognition and management. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(6), 2256. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062256

Desye, B., Geto, A.K., Daba, C. et al. (2025). Indoor air pollution exposure and acute respiratory infection among under-five children in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. BMC Infect Dis 25, 1808. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-12148-y

Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021).

How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070

Gao, Y., Li, X., Liu, Y., & Zhang, M. (2023).

Secondhand smoke exposure and risk of pneumonia and growth impairment in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 23, 1187. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15892-4

Islam, M. S., Sultana, S., & Mahumud, R. A. (2022).

Household smoking and child undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1567. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031567

Karim, R. et al. (2023). Clinical findings and radiological evaluation of WHO-defined severe pneumonia among hospitalized children. Cureus. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36819341

Kirolos A, Blacow RM, Parajuli A, Welton NJ, Khanna A, Allen SJ, et al. (2021). The impact of childhood malnutrition on mortality from pneumonia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Global Health.6:e007411. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007411

Le Roux, D. M. (2024). Childhood deaths due to pneumonia: a novel causal analysis of aetiology. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 8(3), 178–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00015-4

Lestari, E., Siregar, A., Hidayat, A. K., & Yusuf, A. A. (2024). Stunting and its association with education and cognitive outcomes in adulthood: A longitudinal study in Indonesia. PloS one, 19(5), e0295380. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295380

Ma Y, Fan S, Xi J. (2025). Recent updates regarding the management and treatment of pneumonia in pediatric patients: a comprehensive review. Infect. doi:10.1007/s15010-025-02605-w

Minawati AD, Murti Bhisma, Prasetya Hanung. (2023). Meta-Analysis: Effects of Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and Childhood Pneumonia. JEPublicHealth. https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.04.04

M S, Vaithilingan S. (2024). Childhood Pneumonia in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Healthcare-Seeking Behaviors. Cureus. 4;16(4):e57636. PMID: 38586234; PMCID: PMC10998654. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.57636

Moral-Muñoz, J. A., Herrera-Viedma, E., Santisteban-Espejo, A., & Cobo, M. J. (2023).

Trends and future perspectives in bibliometric analysis. Scientometrics, 128, 681–705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-022-04605-y

Muchlis N, Yusuf RA, Rusydi AR, Mahmud NU, Hikmah N, Qanitha A, Ahsan A. (2023). Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Stunting Among Under-five Children in Rural and Poor Families in Indonesia. Environ Health Insights. 4;17:11786302231185210. PMID: 37434666; PMCID: PMC10331105. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786302231185210

Mulyani, A. T., Khairinisa, M. A., Khatib, A., & Chaerunisaa, A. Y. (2025). Understanding Stunting: Impact, Causes, and Strategy to Accelerate Stunting Reduction—A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 17(9), 1493. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091493

Osman, R. I., et al. (2025). Magnitude and associated factors of pneumonia among under-five children in low- and middle-income settings. BMC Pediatrics, 25, Article 06270-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-06270-8

Pimpin, L., et al. (2024). Early-childhood linear growth faltering in low– and middle-income countries. Nature, 621(7979), 550–557. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06418-5

Prendergast, A. J., & Humphrey, J. H. (2022).

The stunting syndrome in developing countries. Paediatrics and International Child Health, 42(2), 90–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2022.2032502

Rattu, D. J. R., Yunita, I., Masita, B. M., & Basrowi, R. W. (2024). The Importance of Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) Guidelines in Stunting Management in Indonesia: A Systematic Review. Healthcare, 12(22), 2226. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222226

Saha, H., Afroze, F., Shahrin, L., Sarmin, M., Amin, R., Tabassum, N., … & Chisti, M. J. (2025). Hospitalisation and critical care for pneumonia among children aged 5–9 years in Bangladesh: a 10-year retrospective analysis. Journal of Global Health, 15, 04326. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.15.04326

Saleh, N.Y., Hassan, F.M., Omar, T.A. et al. Pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: predictive value of heparin-binding protein for severity assessment. Pediatr Res (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-04605-w

Sarfo, F., et al. (2023). Risk factors for pneumonia among under-five children: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatrics, 23(225). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04033-x

Selvi, M., & Vaithilingan, S. (2024). Childhood pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, and healthcare-seeking behaviors. Cureus, 16(4), e57636. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.57636

Seretew WS, Tesema GA, Yirsaw BG, Argaw GS. Prevalence of stunting and associated factors among under-five children in Sub-Saharan Africa: multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(6):e0299310. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299310

Sonego M, Pellegrin MC, Becker G, Lazzerini M. (2015). Risk Factors for Mortality from Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI) in Children under Five Years of Age in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. PLoS ONE 10(1): e0116380. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116380

Tamir, T. T., Gezhegn, S. A., Dagnew, D. T., Mekonenne, A. T., Aweke, G. T., & Lakew, A. M. (2024). Prevalence of childhood stunting and determinants in low- and lower-middle-income African countries: Evidence from standard demographic and health surveys. PLOS ONE, 19(4), e0302212. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302212

Taslim, N. A., et al. (2023). The interlink between chrono-nutrition and stunting. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, 1303969

UNICEF. (2024).

Levels and trends in child malnutrition. UNICEF.

Wang, G. (2025). Global, regional, and national burden of pneumococcal disease among children and adolescents. Frontiers in Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1675854

Wanyana, M. W., et al. (2024). Determinants of severe childhood pneumonia among children under five in a resource-limited setting. Pneumonia. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41479-024-00134-y

World Health Organization. (2021).

WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000–2030. WHO.

World Health Organization. (2023).

Pneumonia in children. WHO.

Xi, Bo., Liang, Y., Liu, Y., Yan, Y., Zhao, M., Ma, C., & Bovet, P. (2016). Tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure in young adolescents aged 12-15 years: data from 68 low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet. Global health, 4(11), e795–e805. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30187-5

Zhu, W., He, X., Xiang, S., Lv, Q., Chen, N., Lv, D., Xu, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2025). Global, Regional, and National Burden of Lower Respiratory Infections in Children: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study, 2021. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 39(8), 645–656. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.70064