Peran Manajemen Keperawatan dalam Budaya Keselamatan Pasien: Tinjauan Sistematis
Kata Kunci:
patient safety culture, nursing management, transformational leadership, staffing, communication, incident reporting, hospitalAbstrak
Latar Belakang: Budaya keselamatan pasien merupakan komponen penting dalam mutu pelayanan kesehatan dan tetap menjadi prioritas global, namun bukti mengenai peran manajemen keperawatan dalam membentuk budaya tersebut masih tersebar.
Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi dan mensintesis bukti ilmiah mengenai peran manajemen keperawatan dalam mempengaruhi budaya keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan systematic literature review (SLR) berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA 2020. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar untuk artikel yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2015–2025. Kriteria inklusi meliputi penelitian primer yang dilakukan di rumah sakit, tersedia dalam teks lengkap, serta berbahasa Inggris atau Indonesia. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan sintesis naratif.
Hasil: Sebanyak 10 studi diinklusi. Empat faktor utama yang mempengaruhi budaya keselamatan pasien adalah kepemimpinan, staffing, komunikasi, dan pelaporan insiden. Kepemimpinan transformasional merupakan prediktor paling konsisten. Staffing yang tidak adekuat meningkatkan kejadian tidak diharapkan, sedangkan komunikasi terstruktur meningkatkan keselamatan. Pelaporan insiden masih terhambat oleh ketakutan akan disalahkan.
Simpulan: Manajemen keperawatan berperan penting dalam memperkuat budaya keselamatan pasien melalui pendekatan yang terintegrasi dan non-punitive.
Referensi
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Astier-Peña, M. P., Martínez-Bianchi, V., Torijano-Casalengua, M. L., Ares-Blanco, S., Bueno-Ortiz, J.-M., & Férnandez-García, M. (2021). The Global Patient Safety Action Plan 2021–2030: identifying actions for safer primary health care. Atencion Primaria, 53(Suppl 1), 102224.
Boamah, S. A., Spence Laschinger, H. K., Wong, C., & Clarke, S. (2018). Effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and patient safety outcomes. Nursing Outlook, 66(2), 180–189. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2017.10.004
Churruca, K., Ellis, L. A., Pomare, C., Hogden, A., Bierbaum, M., Long, J. C., Olekalns, A., & Braithwaite, J. (2021). Dimensions of safety culture: a systematic review of quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods for assessing safety culture in hospitals. BMJ Open, 11(7), e043982. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043982
Dhamanti, I., Leggat, S., Barraclough, S., & Tjahjono, B. (2019). Patient safety incident reporting in Indonesia: an analysis using World Health Organization characteristics for successful reporting. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 331–338. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S222262
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Nantsupawat, A., Poghosyan, L., Wichaikhum, O.-A., Kunaviktikul, W., Fang, Y., Kueakomoldej, S., Thienthong, H., & Turale, S. (2022). Nurse staffing, missed care, quality of care and adverse events: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Nursing Management, 30(2), 447–454. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13501
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