The Effect of Combined Foot Massage Therapy and Watermelon Juice on Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Reduction in Patients with Hypertension
A Quasi-Experimental Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30651/jkm.v11i3.30798Kata Kunci:
Blood pressure, foot massage therapy, hypertension,watermelon juice, non-pharmacological interventionAbstrak
Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem worldwide and remains
a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In addition to pharmacological therapy, effective, safe, affordable, and easily applicable non-pharmacological interventions are needed, particularly in community settings with limited resources. Foot massage therapy and watermelon juice consumption have been reported to reduce blood pressure through different physiological mechanisms; however, evidence regarding the combined effect of these interventions is still limited.
Objective: To analyze the effect of combined foot massage therapy and watermelon juice consumption on systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduction in patients with hypertension.
Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with an equivalent control group approach. A total of 60 patients with hypertension were divided into an intervention group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). The intervention group received a combination of foot massage therapy for 15 minutes and 200 ml of watermelon juice daily for 14 consecutive days, while the control group received standard care. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and effect size analysis (Cohen’s d).
Results: Baseline blood pressure levels were homogeneous between the intervention and control groups (p > 0.05). After the intervention, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in blood pressure, with a mean decrease of 12.67 mmHg in systolic blood pressure and 9.17 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.001). Independent t-test results indicated a significant difference in blood pressure reduction between the intervention and control groups after the intervention (p = 0.001). Effect size analysis demonstrated a very large effect, with Cohen’s d values of 3.68 for systolic blood pressure and 3.21 for diastolic blood pressure.
Conclusion: The combination of foot massage therapy and watermelon juice consumption significantly reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension, with a very large effect size. This intervention has strong potential as an effective complementary non-pharmacological therapy for hypertension management in community settings.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Felicidade do Rosario, Yayat Suryanti , Asep Badrujamaludin , Argi Virgona Bangun , Mochamad Budi Santoso
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