Keanekaragaman Makanan, Kerawanan Pangan Rumah Tangga dan Stunting pada Anak di Kabupaten Bulukumba: Studi Cross-Sectional

Nurul Hidayah Bohari; Dewi Dewi; Erniawati Erniawati; Raufina Riandhani Mulyoto; Sumarmi Sumarmi

doi:10.30651/jkm.v10i4.29704

Penulis

Nurul Hidayah Bohari AKBID Tahirah Al-Baeti Bulukumba
Dewi Dewi STIKES Tanawali Takalar
Erniawati Erniawati AKBID Tahirah Al-Baeti Bulukumba
Raufina Riandhani Mulyoto Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta
Sumarmi Sumarmi Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Prodi Keperawatan, UIN Alauddin Makassar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30651/jkm.v10i4.29704

Kata Kunci:

stunting, dietary diversity, household food insecurity, feeding practices, children

Abstrak

Background: Stunting remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in eastern regions such as Bulukumba District, South Sulawesi. Inadequate dietary diversity, household food insecurity, and suboptimal feeding practices are widely recognized as key contributors to chronic undernutrition among children under five years of age. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the association between dietary diversity, household food insecurity, feeding practices, and stunting among children aged 0–59 months in Bulukumba District. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with total of 228 mother–child pairs were selected through two-stage cluster sampling. Child anthropometric measurements were collected to determine stunting status based on height-for-age z-scores. Dietary diversity was assessed using the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), while household food insecurity was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression. Results: The mean dietary diversity score indicated moderate food diversity. Most children had received exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding. However, logistic regression analysis showed that child sex, age, exclusive breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices were not significantly associated with stunting (p > 0.05). Complementary feeding exhibited the highest odds ratio (OR = 2.01) but did not reach statistical significance. The regression model demonstrated good fit, although its explanatory power was low (Nagelkerke R² = 0.023). Conclusion: Stunting in Bulukumba is likely influenced by complex and multifactorial determinants. Strengthening dietary diversity, improving household food security, and promoting optimal feeding practices through integrated nutrition and social protection interventions are essential to reduce stunting prevalence.

Referensi

Aisyah, R. D., & Subowo, E. (2025). Kenali Stunting: Pencegahan dan Deteksi. Penerbit NEM.

Akbar, M. R. A., Herawati, H., & Santi, E. (2025). Hubungan Sanitasi Lingkungan di Daerah Pinggiran Sungai dengan Stunting pada Balita (Studi di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Martapura Barat Kabupaten Banjar). Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 24(2), 145-153.

Akbarini, O. F., Rinyasari, K. E., & Pangestu, J. F. (2025). Faktor–Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Stunting Pada Balita Di Daerah Aliran Sungai (Das) Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu. Jurnal Kebidanan Khatulistiwa, 11(1), 59-64.

Akhfar, K., Erniawati, E., Kanang, B., Khatimah, H., & Jusni, J. (2023). Peran Intervensi Gizi Spesifik Dalam Penanggulangan Masalah Gizi Pada Balita di Kabupaten Bulukumba. Journal of Educational Innovation and Public Health, 1(3), 139-148.

Akhfar, K., Isnaeny, I., & Rahmawati, R. (2024). Peningkatan Peran Ibu Dalam Pencegahan Stunting Pada Balita Di Kabupaten Bulukumba: Peningkatan Peran Ibu Dalam Pencegahan Stunting Pada Balita Di Kabupaten Bulukumba. JCS, 6(1).

Al Aridi, L. (2025). Association Between Household Food Security, Dietary Diversity, Feeding Practices, and Malnutrition Among Under Five Children in Lebanon: A Cross-Sectional Study

Amanda, A., Andolina, N., & Adhyatma, A. A. (2023). Hubungan Pola Pemberian Makan Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan Di Puskesmas Botania. Jurnal Promotif Preventif, 6(3), 486-493.

Astuti, Y., Paek, S. C., Meemon, N., & Marohabutr, T. (2024). Analysis of traditional feeding practices and stunting among children aged 6 to 59 months in Karanganyar District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. BMC pediatrics, 24(1), 29.

Belayneh, M., Loha, E., & Lindtjørn, B. (2021). Seasonal variation of household food insecurity and household dietary diversity on wasting and stunting among young children in a drought prone area in South Ethiopia: a cohort study. Ecology of food and nutrition, 60(1), 44-69.

Fatimah, S., & Junaidi, E. (2025). Hubungan Sanitasi Lingkungan Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Perawatan Satui Tahun 2024. Integrative Perspectives of Social and Science Journal, 2(01 Februari), 1052-1062.

Gassara, G., & Chen, J. (2021). Household food insecurity, dietary diversity, and stunting in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Nutrients, 13(12), 4401.

Gassara, G., Lin, Q., Deng, J., Zhang, Y., Wei, J., & Chen, J. (2023). Dietary diversity, household food insecurity and stunting among children aged 12 to 59 months in N’Djamena—Chad. Nutrients, 15(3), 573.

Halim, K., Sartika, R. A. D., Sudiarti, T., Putri, P. N., & Rahmawati, N. D. (2020). Associations of dietary diversity and other factors with prevalence of stunting among children aged 6-35 months. Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition, 1(1), 41-48.

Hariawan, M. H., Hasanbasri, M., & Arjuna, T. (2024). Stunting and Dietary Diversity in Children 24-59 Months in Indonesia (Analysis of Indonesian Family Life Survey 2014-2015). Amerta Nutrition, 8.

Harper, A., Goudge, J., Chirwa, E., Rothberg, A., Sambu, W., & Mall, S. (2022). Dietary diversity, food insecurity and the double burden of malnutrition among children, adolescents and adults in South Africa: findings from a national survey. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 948090.

Ibrahim, S. A., Antu, M. S., & Rahma, S. (2025). Pemberdayaan Kader Peduli Stunting dalam Meningkatkan Pola Asuh Orang Tua. Idea Pengabdian Masyarakat, 5(02), 170-173.

Ilham, M. a. (2024). Prevalensi Stunting pada Anak Usia 0-5 Tahun di Kelurahan Caile, Kecamatan Ujung Bulu, Kabupaten Bulukumba, Tahun 2024 unhas].

Islam, B., Ibrahim, T. I., Wang, T., Wu, M., & Qin, J. (2025). Current trends in household food insecurity, dietary diversity, and stunting among children under five in Asia: a systematic review. Journal of Global Health, 15, 04049.

Kencana, I. G. S., Artawa, I. M. B., & Gejir, I. N. (2025). Upaya Pencegahan Stunting melalui Pelayanan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut pada Ibu Hamil di Posyandu Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Penebel II Kabupaten Tabanan. Jurnal Kesehatan Gigi (Dental Health Journal), 12(1), 24-32.

Listina, F., Maritasari, D. Y., Aziza, N., Rukmana, N. M., & Agata, A. (2025). Hubungan pola asuh dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 24-59 bulan. Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan, 19(1), 110-116.

Majid, M., Usman, U., Nurlinda, N., & Abidin, A. (2025). Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Hamil dalam Penanganan Stunting Pada 1000 HPK. Jurnal Penelitian Pangan dan Gizi (JPPG), 1(1), 53-62.

Mau, A. (2025). Intervensi Edukasi Dan Nutrisi Dalam Pencegahan Stunting Di Tingkat Kelurahan. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Bidang Ilmu Keperawatan" Optimal".

Mukhlis, M. (2025). Hubungan Status Sosial Ekonomi dan Pola Asuh terhadap Prevalensi Stunting pada Balita di Bima-NTB. Journal of Knowledge and Collaboration, 2(1), 434-443.

Munir, D. A., Sumardiyono, S., & Hikmayani, N. H. (2025). Cakupan Perlindungan Sosial Dan Ketahanan Pangan Kunci Penanganan Stunting: Analisis Deskriptif Di Jeneponto Dan Barru, Sulawesi Selatan. Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar, 20(1), 131-138.

Natasha, F. A., Maywati, S., & Neni, N. (2025). Hubungan Sanitasi Lingkungan Dengan Kejadian Diare Dan Stunting Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Karanganyar Kota Tasikmalaya. Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia, 21(1), 69-80.

Ningsih, S., & Hikma, R. Y. (2024). Budaya Pengasuhan Bayi Dan Balita Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Stunting Adat Ammatoa Kajang. Journal of Midwifery and Nursing Studies, 6(1).

Rafifah, H., Rakhma, L. R., & Kurnia, P. (2025). Relationship Between Household Food Security And Nutritional Status Of Toddlers In Flood-Prone Areas Of Surakarta. Jurnal Ilmiah Agrineca, 25(1), 1-12.

Riyadi, S., Pasaribu, S. E., Dongoran, P., & Harahap, S. R. (2025). Hubungan Faktor Sosial Ekonomi dengan Stunting pada Anak Desa Ujung Gurap Kecamatan Padangsidimpuan Batunadua Kota Padangsidimpuan. Indonesian Research Journal on Education, 5(1), 2280–2286-2280–2286.

Safitri, O. V., Syurandhari, D. H., & Syalfina, A. D. (2025). Pola Asuh, Makan Dan Sanitasi Pada Kejadian Stunting Di Desa Rebalas Wilayah Puskesmas Grati Kabupaten Pasuruan. Medica Majapahit (Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Majapahit), 17(1), 11-22.

Samuel, F. O., Otitoju, I. O., & Okekunle, A. P. (2020). Household food insecurity, coping strategies and Child Dietary Diversity (24-59 months) in Ibadan, Nigeria. World Nutrition, 11(1), 129-144.

Simanjuntak, R. (2025). Status Ekonomi dan Pola Pemberian Makan dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 5(1), 4911-4921.

Sumarmi, S., Mantasia, M., Ernawati, E., & Nuryana, R. (2023). Edukasi Gizi Ibu Hamil Untuk Pencegahan Stunting Di Kecamatan Mangarabombang Kabupaten Takalar. Jurnal Pengabdian Bidang Kesehatan, 1(4), 83-89.

Sumarmi, S., Mantasia, M., Ernawati, E., & Nuryana, R. N. (2022). Pengendalian Tingkat Kejadian Stunting Melalui Edukasi Masyarakat Desa. JCS, 4(2).

Suntari, N. L. P. Y., Erawati, N. L. P., Gumala, N. M. Y., Aryana, I. K., Astuti, S. A. P. D., Sudarmanto, I. G., & Widarti, I. A. (2025). Pemberdayaan Pendamping Sebaya Dalam Pencegahan Dan Penanganan Stunting Sebagai Dampak Permasalahan Kesehatan Lainnya. ANCEJ: Applied Nursing Community Empowerment Journal, 1(1), 1-10.

Surmita, S., Sekartini, R., Kekalih, A., & Chandra, D. N. (2025). The role of dietary diversity and other factors to stunting among infants and toddlers in West Java, Indonesia. Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette, 73(1), 71.

Sutarto, S., & Indriyani, R. (2025). Pentingnya Indikator Satuan Epid Pentingnya Indikator Satuan Epidmiolog Dalam Rangka Kebijakan Pada Pencegahan Kejadian Stunting. Journal of Dietetics Science, 1(1), 1-6.

Sutarto, S., Mayasari, D., & Indriyani, R. (2018). Stunting, Faktor ResikodanPencegahannya. Agromedicine Unila, 5(1), 540-545.

Syam, A. T. I. (2023). Gambaran Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Anak Stunting Usia 3-5 Tahun di Kecamatan Gantarang Kabupaten Bulukumba Universitas Hasanuddin].

Trisasmita, L., & Randabunga, A. E. L. (2025). Protein Intake, Dietary Diversity, and Length-for-Age Nutritional Status Among Children Aged 6-23 Months: A Comprehensive Overview Study. Journal of Global Nutrition, 5(1), 443-453.

Wahyuningsih, S., & Adam, A. (2025). Analisis Peran Pkk Dalam Pencegahan & Penanganan Stunting Di Indonesia. Jurnal Kesehatan dan Kedokteran, 4(1), 11-20.

Wirawanti, I. W., Nadimin, N., Sirajuddin, S., Dewi, T., & Marwati, S. (2024). Pola Pemberian Makan Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting Balita 12-59 Bulan di Wilayah Puskesmas Tamalanrea Makassar. Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar, 19(2), 242-250.