Implementation of Pediatric Nursing Code of Ethics According to Law No. 17 of 2023

Authors

  • Alfian Dwi Hamzah Universitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan
  • Dadang Kusbiantoro Universitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan
  • Sylvi Harmiardillah Universitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan
  • Suratmi Suratmi Universitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30651/jkm.v10i2.25899

Keywords:

Nursing Code of Ethics, Pediatric Nursing Care, Law No. 17 of 2023, Nursing Ethics and Professionalism, Challenges in Code of Ethics Implementation

Abstract

The nursing code of ethics played a crucial role in ensuring that pediatric nursing care adhered to professional, ethical, and legal standards. However, its implementation faced various challenges. This study analyzed the application of the code of ethics in pediatric nursing care based on Law No. 17 of 2023 and the factors influencing its implementation. This research employed a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with nurses in the pediatric care unit at RSU Muhammadiyah Babat Lamongan, as well as an analysis of the nursing code of ethics and legal regulations. The findings reveal that nurses' understanding of the code of ethics varies, influenced by work experience and training. Five main themes emerged: the relationship between nurses and clients, nursing practice, society, colleagues, and the profession. The alignment of the code of ethics with Law No. 17 of 2023 is evident in several articles, including Articles 44-49, 23(2), 177(1), and 291(1). The primary challenges included ethical conflicts in decision-making, communication with patients' families, and limited resources. Continuous training and clearer hospital policies were necessary to enhance compliance with the code of ethics.

References

Abbasiniaa, M., Norouzadehb, R., Adib-Hajbagheryc, M., Nasirid, M. A., Sharifipoure, E., Koohpaeif, A., & N. Eskandarig, B. A. (2020). Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-. ELSEVIER, January, 19–21.

Alrabadi, N., Shawagfeh, S., Haddad, R., Mukattash, T., Abuhammad, S., Al-Rabadi, D., ... AlRabadi, S. (2021). Medication errors: A focus on nursing practice. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, 12(1), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmaa025

Anggarawati, T., & Wulan Sari, N. (2016). Kepentingan bersama perawat-dokter dengan kualitas pelayanan keperawatan. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Keperawatan, 12(1), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.26753/jikk.v12i1.139

Arter, S., Cole, B., Logsdon, S., Ogle, K., Ressler, A., & Zegers, E. (2025). Development and implementation of a policy hackathon to address nursing staffing issues. Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/15271544251317196

Asih, O. R., Fahmy, R., Novrianda, D., Lucida, H., Priscilla, V., & Putri, Z. M. (2019). Cross sectional: Dukungan sosial dan resiliensi perawat. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 19(2), 421. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v19i2.674

Ching, H. Y., Fang, Y. T., & Yun, W. K. (2022). How new nurses experience workplace belonging: A qualitative study. SAGE Open, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221119471

Damanik, V. A. (2020). Hubungan perawatan payudara dengan kelancaran ASI pada ibu nifas. Jurnal Keperawatan Priority, 3(2), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.34012/jukep.v3i2.959

De Bortoli Cassiani, S. H., Lecorps, K., Cañaveral, L. K. R., Da Silva, F. A. M., & Fitzgerald, J. (2020). Regulation of nursing practice in the region of the Americas. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica/Pan American Journal of Public Health, 44, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2020.93

Dhamanti, I., Rachman, T., & Amiati, M. (2024). Analisis kasus malapraktik di rumah sakit di Indonesia. Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.22146/jkki.93363

Doğan, P., Tarhan, M., & Kaya, A. (2025). Impact of interactive ethics education program on nurses’ moral sensitivity. Nursing Ethics, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330251324319

DPP PPNI. (2017). Pedoman Perilaku Sebagai Penjabaran Kode Etik Keperawatan. In Dewan Pengurus Pusat Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia (DPP PPNI) (Vol. 11, Issue 1). Dewan Pengurus Pusat Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia (DPP PPNI). http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-59379-1%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-420070-8.00002-7%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2015.03.024%0Ahttps://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2018.1441103%0Ahttp://www.chile.bmw-motorrad.cl/sync/showroom/lam/es/

Fitria, D. I., Faozi, A., & Dolifah, D. (2024). Correlation between knowledge of the nursing code of ethics and non-maleficence behavior of nurses in the inpatient room. Jurnal Keperawatan Florence Nightingale (JKFN), 7. https://doi.org/10.52774/jkfn.v7i1.174

Fivit Srigantiny, Yusuf Brilliant, Yeni Eka Jayanti, Lamria Silitonga, Made Santika, Yuyut Prayuti, A. L., & Rec. (2016). Pemenuhan hak pasien atas privasi dan kerahasiaan informasi kesehatan di rumah sakit: Aspek hukum perdata. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 10(17), 404–411. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13896425

Firaouzi, N., Radmehr, M., & Shahidi, M. (2024). The relationship between nurses’ moral distress and their commitment to professional ethics among nurses working in Arak. Journal of Education Ethics Nurse, 13(13–14), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.22034/ethic.2024.2037473.1103

Giesbers, A. P. M., Schouteten, R. L. J., Poutsma, E., van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., van Achterberg, T., & others. (2021). Towards a better understanding of the relationship between feedback and nurses’ work engagement and burnout: A convergent mixed-methods study on nurses’ attributions about the ‘why’ of feedback. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 117, 103889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103889

Gu, Y., Wang, Y., & Zhou, S. (2022). The moderating effect of cultural intelligence between nurses’ relationship conflict and teamwork. Journal of Nursing Management, 39(7), 3313–3321. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13772

Haddad, A., & Gallagher, A. (2025). Reflections on the 20th International Pan Arab Critical Care Medicine Society Conference in Kuwait: A nursing ethics perspective. Nursing Ethics, 0(0), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330251327853

Han, C.-Y., Redley, B., Lin, C.-C., Chen, L.-C., Ng, C. J., & Wang, L.-H. (2021). Standard risk assessment forms help reduce preventable harm in older adult inpatients: A retrospective chart review study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 00(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14931

Heriyanto. (2024). Tingkat pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan dan masyarakat terhadap Undang-Undang Kesehatan yang baru (Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan). Jurnal Hukum dan HAM Wara Sains, 3(1), 138–145.

Liu, X., Xu, Y., Chen, Y., Chen, C., Wu, Q., Xu, H., Zhu, P., & Waidley, E. (2022). Ethical dilemmas faced by frontline support nurses fighting COVID-19. Nursing Ethics, 29(1), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330211015284

Lim, S. H., Bouchoucha, S. L., Aloweni, F., & B. S. N. ’Azzah. (2021). Evaluation of infection prevention and control preparedness in acute care nurses: Factors influencing adherence to standard precautions. Infection, Disease & Health, 26(2), 132–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2020.11.005

Lloyd, R., Munro, J., Evans, K., Gaskin-Williams, A., Hui, A., Pearson, M., ... Enston, C. (2023). Health service improvement using positive patient feedback: Systematic scoping. PLOS ONE, 18(10), e0275045. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275045

Mahaputri, A. A. I., Budiartha, I. N. P., & Dewi, A. A. S. L. (2019). Perlindungan hukum bagi profesi perawat terhadap pelaksanaan praktik keperawatan. Jurnal Analogi Hukum, 1(3), 277–281. Retrieved from https://ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/analogihukum%0APerlindungan

Marbun, W. S., & Hutapea, L. M. N. (2022). Penyuluhan kesehatan pada penderita hipertensi dewasa terhadap tingkat pengetahuan hipertensi. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 6(1), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v6i1.4170

focus on nursing practice. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, 12(1), 78–86. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmaa025

McDowell, N. G., Allen, C. D., Anderson-Teixeira, K., Aukema, B. H., Bond-Lamberty, B., Chini, L., ... Xu, C. (2020). Pervasive shifts in forest dynamics in a changing world. Science, 368(6494). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz9463

McMillan, K., Wright, D. K., McPherson, C. J., Ma, K., & Bitzas, V. (2021). Visitor restrictions, palliative care, and epistemic agency: A qualitative study of nurses’ relational practice during the coronavirus pandemic. Global Qualitative Nursing Research, 8, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/23333936211051702

Firaouzi, N., Radmehr, M., & M. S. (2024). The relationship between nurses’ moral distress and their commitment to professional ethics among nurses working in Arak (2023). Journal Education Ethics Nurse, 13(13 & 14), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.22034/ethic.2024.2037473.1103

Alrabadi, N., Shawagfeh, S., Haddad, R., Mukattash, T., Abuhammad, S., Al-Rabadi, D., Abu Farha, R., & AlRabadi, S. (2021). Medication errors: A focus on nursing practice. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, 12(1), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmaa025

Neuspiel, D. R., & Taylor, M. M. (2013). Reducing the risk of harm from medication errors in children. Health Services Insights, 6, 47–59. https://doi.org/10.4137/HSI.S10454

Noviani, W. (2016). Persepsi mahasiswa profesi Ners tentang kode etik keperawatan Indonesia di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Indonesian Journal of Nursing Practices, 1(1), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijnp.1148

Nursalam. (2014). Manajemen keperawatan (p. 117). Salemba Medika.

Pattyranie, H., & Andriani, H. (2024). Pengetahuan dan sikap perawat tentang kode etik keperawatan rumah sakit X di Jakarta. Jurnal Keperawatan, 5, 5578–5585.

Puspitasari, N. W., Kusumawati, F. T., Atmanto, A. P., Zuhri, M., Diel, M. M., Elmonita, Y., & Dwidiyanti, M. (2018). Rumah sakit mengurangi dampak yang diakibatkan oleh design bentuk beberapa literatur, dimana pencarian artikel dari hasil penelitian. Journal Title, 2(2).

Putri, W. F. P., Munawaroh, S., & Mashudi, S. (2023). Hubungan sikap dengan perilaku etik perawat dan sejawat di RSU Muhammadiyah Ponorogo. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo Health Sciences Journal, 7(2), 215–225.

Riasari, R. H. (2021). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Perawat Pada Rumah Sakit Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 2014 Tentang Keperawatan (Legal Protection Against Nurses on Hospital Based Law Number 38 of 2014 About Nursing). Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis. Vol.2. No.10, 2(10), 946–960.

Rifai, A., Afandi, A. T., & Firmansyah’, I. (2021). Pengetahuan dan Sikap Perawat Tentang Kode Etik Keperawatan.pdf. Journal Of Nursing Management Issue, 1, 10–17.

Risnawati, H. A. (2022). Analisis penerapan perilaku penjabaran kode etik keperawatan pada perawat di rumah sakit pendidikan makassar 1. 10(1), 57–68.

Sandnes, L., & Uhrenfeldt, L. (2024). Sentuhan kepedulian merupakan bentuk komunikasi yang menunjukkan perhatian yang berpusat pada pasien, membangun hubungan dengan tetap menghargai martabat mereka sebagai manusia. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 19(2348891), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2024.2348891

Widjaja, G. (2023). Pelayanan kesehatan bagi pasien menurut UU No. 17 tahun 2023 tentang kesehatan. Journal of Social Science Research, 3(17), 2490–2498. Retrieved from https://jinnovative.org/plugins/generic/pdfJsViewer/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=https%3A%2F%2Fjinnovative.org%2Findex.php%2FInnovative%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F6066%2F4583%2F10192

Yang, Q., Zheng, Z., Pang, S., ... et al. (2022). Clinical nurse adherence to professional ethics: A grounded theory. Nursing Ethics, 30(2), 197–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330221130594

Kim, Y.-S., Kim, H. S., Kim, H. A., Chun, J., Kwak, M. J., Kim, M.-S., Hwang, J.-I., & H. K. (2020). Can patient and family education prevent medical errors? A descriptive study. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05083-y

Published

2025-06-23