Publication Ethics and Misconducts

Al-hikmah Journal of Religious Studies is a peer-reviewed journal. This statement clarifies the ethical behavior of all parties involved in the process of publishing articles in this journal, including any allegations of research misconduct, including authors, editors-in-chief, the Editorial Board, and peer reviewers. This statement is based on the COPE Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors.

Ethical Guidelines for Journal Publication
The publication of an article in the peer-reviewed journal Al-hikmah Journal of Religious Studies is an essential building block in the development of a coherent and respected network of knowledge. It is a direct reflection of the quality of the work of the authors and the institutions that support them. Peer-reviewed articles support and embody the scientific method. Therefore, it is important to agree upon standards of expected ethical behavior for all parties involved in the publishing process: authors, journal editors, peer reviewers, publishers, and the society.

Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya, as the publisher and affiliated campus of Al-hikmah Journal of Religious Studies, takes its oversight over all stages of publication very seriously, and we recognize our ethical and other responsibilities. We are committed to ensuring that advertising, reprints, or other commercial revenues do not impact or influence editorial decisions.

Allegations of Research Misconduct
Research misconduct refers to fabrication, falsification, citation manipulation, or plagiarism in the production, conduct, or review of research, writing of articles, or in the reporting of research results. When authors are found to have engaged in research misconduct or other serious misconduct involving articles published in scientific journals, the Editors are responsible for ensuring the accuracy and integrity of the scientific record.

In cases of suspected misconduct, the Editors and the Editorial Board will use COPE best practices to assist them in resolving complaints and addressing the misconduct fairly. This will include an investigation of the allegations by the Editors. Submitted manuscripts found to contain such misconduct will be rejected. If a published paper is found to contain such misconduct, a retraction may be published and will link to the original article.
The first step involves determining the validity of the allegations and assessing whether they are consistent with the definition of research misconduct. This initial step also involves determining whether the individual alleging misconduct has any relevant conflicts of interest.

If scientific misconduct or other substantial research misconduct is a possibility, the allegation will be shared with the corresponding author, who, on behalf of all co-authors, will be asked to provide a detailed response. Once the response is received and evaluated, additional review and involvement of experts (such as statistical reviewers) may be sought. For cases where misconduct is unlikely to have occurred, clarification, additional analysis, or both, published as a letter to the editor, and often including a correction notice and correction to the published article, are sufficient.
Institutions are expected to conduct appropriate and thorough investigations into allegations of scientific misconduct. Ultimately, authors, journals, and institutions have an important obligation to ensure the accuracy of the scientific record. By responding appropriately to concerns about scientific misconduct and taking necessary actions based on the evaluation of those concerns, such as corrections, retractions with replacement, and retractions, Ar-Fachruddin: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam will continue to fulfill its responsibility to ensure the validity and integrity of the scientific record.

Publication decisions
The editor of the Al-hikmah: journal of religious studies is responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published. The validation of the work in question and its importance to researchers and readers must always drive such decisions. The editors may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editors may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision.

Complaints and Appeals
Al-hikmah: journal for the study of religions journal will have a clear procedure for handling complaints against the journal, Editorial Staff, Editorial Board, or Publisher. The complaints will be clarified to respected personal concerning the case of a complaint. The scope of complaints includes anything related to the journal business process, i.e., editorial process, found citation manipulation, unfair editor/reviewer, peer-review manipulation, etc. The complaint cases will be processed according to COPE guidelines.

Fair play
An editor at any time evaluates manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.

Confidentiality
The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.

Disclosure and conflicts of interest
Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's research without the express written consent of the author.

Duties of Reviewers

Contribution to Editorial Decisions 

Peer review assists the editor in making editorial decisions and the editorial communications with the author may also assist the author in improving the paper.

Promptness 

Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.

Confidentiality 

Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor.

Standards of Objectivity 

Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.

Acknowledgment of Sources 

Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A reviewer should also call to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge.

Disclosure and Conflict of Interest 

Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

Duties of Authors

Reporting standards 

Authors of reports of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.

Data Access and Retention 

Authors are asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for editorial review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data, if practicable, and should, in any event, be prepared to retain such data for a reasonable time after publication. Authors are responsible for data reproducibility.

Originality and Plagiarism 

The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted.

Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publication 

An author should not, in general, publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.

Acknowledgment of Sources 

Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.

Authorship and Contributorship of the Article

Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors.

Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors.

The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included on the paper and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest 

All authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.

Fundamental errors in published work 

When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author’s obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.

Ethical Oversight 

If the research work involves chemicals, humans, animals, procedures, or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use, the author must clearly identify these in the manuscript in order to obey ethical conduct of research using animals and human subjects. If required, Authors must provide legal, ethical clearance from an association or legal organization. 

If the research involves confidential data and of business/marketing practices, authors should clearly justify this matter whether the data or information will be hidden securely or not.