Breaking the Delay: Stage III HIV Diagnosis and Successful Recovery at the Primary Healthcare Level

Sahika Nisandi Ayudelvi; Ronald Pratama Adiwinoto; Diadema Dicky Fansia; Muzna Anisah; Khakan Baguna; Iriyadi Iriyadi; Eltari Primasari

doi:10.30651/jqm.v10i02.30290

Sahika Nisandi Ayudelvi ⁽¹⁾, Ronald Pratama Adiwinoto ⁽²⁾, Diadema Dicky Fansia ⁽³⁾, Muzna Anisah ⁽⁴⁾, Khakan Baguna ⁽⁵⁾, Iriyadi ⁽⁶⁾, Eltari Primasari ⁽⁷⁾

(1) Hang Tuah University, Indonesia,

(2) Hang Tuah University, Indonesia,

(3) Diponegoro University, Indonesia,

(4) University of Indonesia, Indonesia,

(5) Malahayati University, Indonesia,

(6) Primary Health Center of Prabumulih Timur, Indonesia,

(7) Primary Health Center of Prabumulih Timur, Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.30651/jqm.v10i02.30290

Issue
Vol. 10 No. 02 (2026): Qanun Medika Vol 10 No 02 July 2026

Submitted
Januari 14, 2026

Accepted
Mei 12, 2026

Published
Juli 31, 2026

Keywords:

HIV infection, Clinical profile, Risk factors, Primary health center

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Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a major public health problem, particularly when diagnosis occurs at an advanced stage. This case report describes a 24-year-old male diagnosed with WHO stage III HIV infection at a primary health care facility in the absence of CD4 count and baseline viral load due to resource limitations. The patient presented with oral candidiasis, chronic diarrhea, prolonged fever, and significant weight loss, alongside high-risk sexual behavior. HIV and syphilis serology were reactive, while tuberculosis was excluded despite strong clinical suspicion. The patient was managed with antifungal therapy, syphilis treatment, and first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Significant clinical improvement was observed within one month, and viral load decreased to 60 copies/mL at six months, indicating near-complete virological suppression. This case highlights missed opportunities for early HIV diagnosis, supports the use of WHO clinical staging as a surrogate in resource-limited settings, and demonstrates that effective HIV management can be achieved at the primary care level.

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References

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Authors

Sahika Nisandi Ayudelvi

Hang Tuah University

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9871-4801

sahikaaydlv@gmail.com (Primary Contact)

Ronald Pratama Adiwinoto

Hang Tuah University

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2112-610X

Diadema Dicky Fansia

Diponegoro University

Muzna Anisah

University of Indonesia

Khakan Baguna

Malahayati University

Iriyadi

Primary Health Center of Prabumulih Timur

Eltari Primasari

Primary Health Center of Prabumulih Timur

Author Biographies

Sahika Nisandi Ayudelvi, Hang Tuah University

Dear Editor,

We would like to submit our manuscript entitled “Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors among Patients with Stage III Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection at Prabumulih Timur Primary Health Center” for your kind consideration for publication in your journal.

This manuscript presents a clinically relevant description of HIV stage III cases identified at the primary health care level. The study highlights the importance of recognizing clinical indicator conditions and risk factors for HIV infection in resource-limited settings, where access to advanced diagnostic tools may be limited.

The findings provide valuable insights into the clinical spectrum and behavioral risk factors associated with stage III HIV infection in a primary health center context, which remains underreported in the literature, particularly in developing countries. This manuscript may contribute to improving early detection, timely referral, and appropriate management of HIV patients at the primary care level.

We believe that this manuscript fits well within the scope of the journal and will be of interest to clinicians, public health practitioners, and researchers focusing on HIV/AIDS, primary health care, and infectious diseases. The authors confirm that this manuscript is original, has not been published previously, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Sincerely,
The Authors

Ronald Pratama Adiwinoto, Hang Tuah University

Dear Editor,

We would like to submit our manuscript entitled “Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors among Patients with Stage III Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection at Prabumulih Timur Primary Health Center” for your kind consideration for publication in your journal.

This manuscript presents a clinically relevant description of HIV stage III cases identified at the primary health care level. The study highlights the importance of recognizing clinical indicator conditions and risk factors for HIV infection in resource-limited settings, where access to advanced diagnostic tools may be limited.

The findings provide valuable insights into the clinical spectrum and behavioral risk factors associated with stage III HIV infection in a primary health center context, which remains underreported in the literature, particularly in developing countries. This manuscript may contribute to improving early detection, timely referral, and appropriate management of HIV patients at the primary care level.

We believe that this manuscript fits well within the scope of the journal and will be of interest to clinicians, public health practitioners, and researchers focusing on HIV/AIDS, primary health care, and infectious diseases. The authors confirm that this manuscript is original, has not been published previously, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Sincerely,
The Authors

Diadema Dicky Fansia, Diponegoro University

Dear Editor,

We would like to submit our manuscript entitled “Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors among Patients with Stage III Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection at Prabumulih Timur Primary Health Center” for your kind consideration for publication in your journal.

This manuscript presents a clinically relevant description of HIV stage III cases identified at the primary health care level. The study highlights the importance of recognizing clinical indicator conditions and risk factors for HIV infection in resource-limited settings, where access to advanced diagnostic tools may be limited.

The findings provide valuable insights into the clinical spectrum and behavioral risk factors associated with stage III HIV infection in a primary health center context, which remains underreported in the literature, particularly in developing countries. This manuscript may contribute to improving early detection, timely referral, and appropriate management of HIV patients at the primary care level.

We believe that this manuscript fits well within the scope of the journal and will be of interest to clinicians, public health practitioners, and researchers focusing on HIV/AIDS, primary health care, and infectious diseases. The authors confirm that this manuscript is original, has not been published previously, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Sincerely,
The Authors

Muzna Anisah, University of Indonesia

Dear Editor,

We would like to submit our manuscript entitled “Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors among Patients with Stage III Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection at Prabumulih Timur Primary Health Center” for your kind consideration for publication in your journal.

This manuscript presents a clinically relevant description of HIV stage III cases identified at the primary health care level. The study highlights the importance of recognizing clinical indicator conditions and risk factors for HIV infection in resource-limited settings, where access to advanced diagnostic tools may be limited.

The findings provide valuable insights into the clinical spectrum and behavioral risk factors associated with stage III HIV infection in a primary health center context, which remains underreported in the literature, particularly in developing countries. This manuscript may contribute to improving early detection, timely referral, and appropriate management of HIV patients at the primary care level.

We believe that this manuscript fits well within the scope of the journal and will be of interest to clinicians, public health practitioners, and researchers focusing on HIV/AIDS, primary health care, and infectious diseases. The authors confirm that this manuscript is original, has not been published previously, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Sincerely,
The Authors

Khakan Baguna, Malahayati University

Dear Editor,

We would like to submit our manuscript entitled “Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors among Patients with Stage III Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection at Prabumulih Timur Primary Health Center” for your kind consideration for publication in your journal.

This manuscript presents a clinically relevant description of HIV stage III cases identified at the primary health care level. The study highlights the importance of recognizing clinical indicator conditions and risk factors for HIV infection in resource-limited settings, where access to advanced diagnostic tools may be limited.

The findings provide valuable insights into the clinical spectrum and behavioral risk factors associated with stage III HIV infection in a primary health center context, which remains underreported in the literature, particularly in developing countries. This manuscript may contribute to improving early detection, timely referral, and appropriate management of HIV patients at the primary care level.

We believe that this manuscript fits well within the scope of the journal and will be of interest to clinicians, public health practitioners, and researchers focusing on HIV/AIDS, primary health care, and infectious diseases. The authors confirm that this manuscript is original, has not been published previously, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Sincerely,
The Authors

Iriyadi, Primary Health Center of Prabumulih Timur

Dear Editor,

We would like to submit our manuscript entitled “Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors among Patients with Stage III Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection at Prabumulih Timur Primary Health Center” for your kind consideration for publication in your journal.

This manuscript presents a clinically relevant description of HIV stage III cases identified at the primary health care level. The study highlights the importance of recognizing clinical indicator conditions and risk factors for HIV infection in resource-limited settings, where access to advanced diagnostic tools may be limited.

The findings provide valuable insights into the clinical spectrum and behavioral risk factors associated with stage III HIV infection in a primary health center context, which remains underreported in the literature, particularly in developing countries. This manuscript may contribute to improving early detection, timely referral, and appropriate management of HIV patients at the primary care level.

We believe that this manuscript fits well within the scope of the journal and will be of interest to clinicians, public health practitioners, and researchers focusing on HIV/AIDS, primary health care, and infectious diseases. The authors confirm that this manuscript is original, has not been published previously, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Sincerely,
The Authors

Eltari Primasari, Primary Health Center of Prabumulih Timur

Dear Editor,

We would like to submit our manuscript entitled “Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors among Patients with Stage III Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection at Prabumulih Timur Primary Health Center” for your kind consideration for publication in your journal.

This manuscript presents a clinically relevant description of HIV stage III cases identified at the primary health care level. The study highlights the importance of recognizing clinical indicator conditions and risk factors for HIV infection in resource-limited settings, where access to advanced diagnostic tools may be limited.

The findings provide valuable insights into the clinical spectrum and behavioral risk factors associated with stage III HIV infection in a primary health center context, which remains underreported in the literature, particularly in developing countries. This manuscript may contribute to improving early detection, timely referral, and appropriate management of HIV patients at the primary care level.

We believe that this manuscript fits well within the scope of the journal and will be of interest to clinicians, public health practitioners, and researchers focusing on HIV/AIDS, primary health care, and infectious diseases. The authors confirm that this manuscript is original, has not been published previously, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Sincerely,
The Authors

Ayudelvi, S. N., Adiwinoto, R. P., Fansia, D. D., Anisah, M., Baguna, K., Iriyadi, I., & Primasari, E. (2026). Breaking the Delay: Stage III HIV Diagnosis and Successful Recovery at the Primary Healthcare Level. Qanun Medika - Medical Journal Faculty of Medicine Muhammadiyah Surabaya, 10(02). https://doi.org/10.30651/jqm.v10i02.30290

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Breaking the Delay: Stage III HIV Diagnosis and Successful Recovery at the Primary Healthcare Level

Abstract

Full text article

References

Authors

Sahika Nisandi Ayudelvi, Hang Tuah University

Ronald Pratama Adiwinoto, Hang Tuah University

Diadema Dicky Fansia, Diponegoro University

Muzna Anisah, University of Indonesia

Khakan Baguna, Malahayati University

Iriyadi, Primary Health Center of Prabumulih Timur

Eltari Primasari, Primary Health Center of Prabumulih Timur

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Abstract

Full text article

References

Authors

Sahika Nisandi Ayudelvi, Hang Tuah University

Ronald Pratama Adiwinoto, Hang Tuah University

Diadema Dicky Fansia, Diponegoro University

Muzna Anisah, University of Indonesia

Khakan Baguna, Malahayati University

Iriyadi, Primary Health Center of Prabumulih Timur

Eltari Primasari, Primary Health Center of Prabumulih Timur

Article Details

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Association between Body Mass Index and Glycemic Status (Fasting and Postprandial) among Prolanis Participants in Primary Health Care Center

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