Histopathological Effects of Garlic Extract in Cigarette Smoke–Induced Lung Injury in Wistar Rats: A Comparative Study with Vitamin C
Abstract
Cigarette smoke contains various free radicals that can damage lung tissue. Natural antioxidants such as garlic extract (Allium sativum L.) are believed to neutralize free radicals. An in vivo study was conducted using 30 male Wistar rats. Twenty-five rats were allocated into five experimental groups (cigarette smoke and distilled water group, cigarette smoke and vitamin C 50 mg/kgBW group, garlic extract 50 mg/kgBW group, garlic extract 100 mg/kgBW group, and a combination of vitamin C and garlic extract 100 mg/kgBW group), while an additional five rats served as a non–smoke-induced baseline group for descriptive comparison. Cigarette smoke induction was performed for 21 days with exposure to 3 cigarettes per day. After treatment, the rats’ lungs were observed histopathologically for alveolar lumen widening, alveolar septal thickening, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 24 to evaluate significant differences among treatment groups. Lung damage data across all groups were homogeneous. Vitamin C produced the greatest improvement compared to the other treatment groups. Vitamin C effectively improved lung damage in Wistar rats induced by cigarette smoke compared to garlic extract. Garlic extract (50 mg/kgBW) has the potential to improve lung damage in cigarette smoke–induced Wistar rats, with no additional benefit at higher doses.
Full text article
References
Abdullah, M., Jamil, R. T., & Attia, F. N. (2023). Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid). In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499877/
Awuy, F. D., Purwanto, D. S., & Mewo, Y. M. (2021). Pengaruh Pemberian Vitamin C Terhadap Kualitas Spermatozoa Yang Terpapar Asap Rokok. Jurnal e-Biomedik, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.v9i2.33451
Bagus, D., & Cahyaningrum, C. P. E. (2023). Perbedaan Patologi Anatomi Tingkat Kerusakan Alveoli Paru dengan Paparan Asap Rokok Konvensional dan Rokok Elektrik. ARTERI : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 4(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.37148/arteri.v4i1.245
Caliri, A. W., Tommasi, S., & Besaratinia, A. (2021). Relationships among smoking, oxidative stress, inflammation, macromolecular damage, and cancer. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 787, 108365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108365
Eniola, K. (2011). Effects of Aqueous Extract of Garlic and Vitamin C on the Kidney of Albino Rats.
Fadly, A. A. (2022). Pengaruh Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin.
Hasanudin, R., Ramadhan, A., Budiarsa, I. M., & Rauf, A. (n.d.). Efek Kombinasi Bawang Putih dan Madu Terhadap Kualitas Spermatozoa Mencit (Mus musculus) yang di Papar Asap Rokok.
Idrus, H. R. A., Iswahyudi, I., & Wahdaningsih, S. (2016). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bawang Mekah (Eleutherine Americana Merr.) Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Paru Tikus (Rattus Norvegicus) Wistar Jantan Pasca Paparan Asap Rokok. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.33096/jffi.v1i2.190
Iwar, K., Ochar, K., Seo, Y. A., Ha, B.-K., & Kim, S.-H. (2024). Alliums as Potential Antioxidants and Anticancer Agents. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(15), 8079. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158079
Joe, Y. A., Lee, M. J., & Choi, H. S. (2024). Experimental Mouse Models and Human Lung Organoid Models for Studying Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 32(6), 685–696. https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2024.148
Khaira, N., Idroes, R., & Bahi, M. (2016). Pengaruh Kombinasi Ekstrak Petroleum Eter Bawang Putih (Allium sativum Linn) Dengan Vitamin C Terhadap Aktivitas Candida albicans.
Mufida, N., & Isni, K. (2022). Pengaruh Edukasi Bahaya Merokok Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat di Dusun Kandangan 02/03, Margodadi, Seyegan, Sleman. Insan Cita : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.32662/insancita.v4i2.1966
Ni’mah, I., Hapsari, R. A. F., & Wulandari, E. (2017). Efek Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum L.) Terhadap Kadar Malondialdehid Hepar Tikus. Jurnal Medika Islamika, 14(1).
Pizzino, G., Irrera, N., Cucinotta, M., Pallio, G., Mannino, F., Arcoraci, V., Squadrito, F., Altavilla, D., & Bitto, A. (2017). Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2017(1), 8416763. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8416763
Romsiah, Putri, P. E., & Erjon. (2020). Perbandingan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.), Bawang Putih Tunggal (Allium sativum var. Solo Garlic) dan Black Garlic dengan Metode DPPH. Jurnal Ilmiah Bakti Farmasi, 5(1), Article 1.
Sanggamale, I. K., Rumbajan, J. M., & Tendean, L. E. N. (2020). Perbedaan Efek Pemberian Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.) dan Vitamin C Pada Kualitas Spermatozoa Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diberi Paparan Asap Rokok. eBiomedik, 8(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.v8i1.28706
Savira, M., Sari, D., Machrina, Y., Widjaja, S., Unitly, A., Ilyas, S., Siregar, J., Pandia, P., Rusda, M., & Amin, M. (2023). Anti Inflammatory Action of Allium Sativum Ethanol Extract to Prevent Lung Damage in Smoker Rat Model. Medical Archives, 77(3), 178. https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2023.77.178-182
Seo, Y.-S., Park, J.-M., Kim, J.-H., & Lee, M.-Y. (2023). Cigarette Smoke-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Formation: A Concise Review. Antioxidants, 12(9), 1732. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091732
Shraideh, Z., Badran, D., & Alzbeede, A. (2024). Effect of Honey and Aqueous Garlic Extracts against Short-Term Exposure of Cigarette Tobacco Smoking in Mice: Histopathological and Biochemical Investigations. Journal of Toxicology, 2024, 5539447. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5539447
Triantara, Y. A., Almira, I., Kusumo, S. A., Fajar, M., Darmawan, D., & Winarni, D. (2019). The Comparison Effect of Electrical Cigarrete and Conventional Cigarrete Smoke toward White Rat’s (Rattus norvegicus) Lung Histopathology. Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia, 39(2), 88–91. https://doi.org/10.36497/jri.v39i2.52
Wibawa, J. C., Wati, L. H., & Arifin, M. Z. (2020). Mekanisme Vitamin C Menurunkan Stres Oksidatif Setelah Aktivitas Fisik. JOSSAE : Journal of Sport Science and Education, 5(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.26740/jossae.v5n1.p57-63
Yuniarifa, C., Hussaana, A., & Riza, M. (2022). Perbedaan Efek Pemberian Secara Kombinasi Dan Tunggal Ekstrak Biji Anggur (Vitis Vinifera L.) Dan Glutation Terhadap Motilitas, Jumlah, Dan Morfologi Sperma Tikus Wistar Yang Diberi Paparan Asap Rokok. Biomedika, 14(1), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.23917/biomedika.v14i1.13449
Authors
Copyright (c) 2026 Alfajri, Syarinta Adenina, Debby Handayati Harahap, Nyiayu Fauziah Kurniawati, Theodorus, Nia Savitri Tamzil, Nadira Rifda Utami, Aura Salsabilla Putri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Qanun Medika by FK UM Surabaya is liscence under Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi 4.0 Internasional.