Osteopontin and Its Clinical Correlation to Type 1 Cardiorenal Syndrome: A Literature Review
Abstrak
Sindrom kardiorenal (SKR) merupakan spektrum gangguan yang melibatkan baik jantung maupun ginjal, baik secara akut maupun kronis, pada salah satu organ yang dapat menyebabkan disfungsi pada organ yang lain. Sindrom kardiorenal tipe 1 merupakan tipe yang paling umum dimana adanya disfungsi jantung akut berdampak pada disfungsi ginjal akut, yang umumnya dikenal sebagai gagal ginjal akut. Komorbiditas yang melibatkan kedua organ penting ini berkontribusi pada tingginya tingkat mortalitas pasien, sehingga memerlukan metode diagnosis potensial baru. Biomarker merupakan salah satu modalitas diagnostik yang banyak digunakan dalam berbagai penyakit. Osteopontin (OPN) adalah glikoprotein yang difosforilasi yang ditemukan terutama di tulang dan gigi yang berperan dalam regulasi mineralisasi. Osteopontin diketahui terlibat dalam berbagai perubahan patologis dalam tubuh, termasuk penyakit kardiovaskular. Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi korelasi klinis perubahan tingkat OPN dengan kejadian SKR tipe 1. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa OPN juga berperan dalam mendeteksi progresi penyakit kardiovaskular menuju gagal ginjal. Ketidakseimbangan dalam fungsi OPN sebagai agen proinflamasi dan antiinflamasi meningkatkan progresi penyakit ginjal pada pasien. Temuan lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa OPN urine mampu menggambarkan kejadian gagal ginjal akut pada pasien Tipe 1 SKR dengan lebih spesifik.
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Penulis
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