Studi literatur mengenai anak usia sekolah dasar dengan ADHD: Perspektif neuropsikologi
Abstrak
ADHD adalah gangguan perkembangan neurologis yang banyak menyerang anak-anak. Karakteristiknya yang berupa rendahnya perhatian, disorganisasi, dan hiperaktif-impulsif menyebabkan anak sulit berpikir dan berperilaku tipikal di rumah maupun sekolah. Peneliti melakukan tinjauan literatur pada kelainan otak anak usia sekolah dasar dengan ADHD untuk mengetahui tingkat kerusakan dan penyimpangan yang terjadi. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur integratif dengan teknik PRISMA untuk mengekstrak 10 artikel yang relevan dari database Scopus dan PubMed. Hasilnya adalah bagian otak yang terdampak adalah korteks frontal, prefrontal, parietal, temporal, kaudatus, girus, otak kecil, dan jaringan-jaringan yang terdapat dalam otak seperti jaringan salience, mode default, dan atensi dorsal. Anak usia sekolah dasar (6 - 15 tahun) yang memiliki ADHD apapun sub-tipenya rentan mengalami kesulitan dalam perhatian berkelanjutan, inhibisi respon, ingatan dan pengambilan keputusan. Orangtua dan guru diharapkan dapat membantu tumbuh kembang anak dengan intervensi disiplin seperti memahami ADHD, kolaborasi dengan pihak yang sering berinteraksi dengan anak, rutinitas yang konsisten, lingkungan kondusif, dan penguatan positif.
Artikel teks lengkap
Referensi
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Penulis
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Qaulan Sadida, Sarlina K Tunliu, Fatimah, Novia Kartikasari, Debrinna T Asmaradhani
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