ANALISIS KOMPARATIF TEORI PERKEMBANGAN MORAL LAWRENCE KOHLBERG DAN IBNU MASKAWAIH SERTA RELEVANSINYA DENGAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MODERN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30651/sr.v9i02.26658Kata Kunci:
Teori Perkembangan Moral, Lawrence Kohlberg, Ibnu MaskawaihAbstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara komparatif teori perkembangan moral Lawrence Kohlberg dan Ibnu Maskawaih serta relevansinya dalam pendidikan karakter modern. Perkembangan moral merupakan aspek penting dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik yang berkaitan dengan interaksi sosial dan nilai-nilai etika. Kohlberg menekankan aspek kognitif dan penalaran moral melalui tahapan-tahapan perkembangan, sedangkan Ibnu Maskawaih menekankan pembentukan karakter melalui pembiasaan, pengendalian emosi, dan nilai spiritual yang berakar pada ajaran Islam. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi pustaka. Peneliti mengumpulkan dan menganalisis literatur primer dan sekunder terkait teori kedua tokoh tersebut, serta melakukan analisis isi secara sistematis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan Kohlberg fokus pada pengembangan keterampilan penalaran moral dan konsep keadilan secara sekuler, sementara Ibnu Maskawaih menempatkan pembentukan karakter berbudi luhur dalam kerangka spiritual Islam dan kebahagiaan holistik (sa’adah). Perbedaan signifikan juga terdapat pada peran agama dan integrasi emosi dalam proses moral. Kedua teori saling melengkapi dan dapat diintegrasikan untuk mendukung pendidikan moral yang holistik, kontekstual, dan relevan dengan tantangan dunia modern.
This research aims to comparatively analyze Lawrence Kohlberg and Ibn Maskawaih's moral development theory and its relevance in modern character education. Moral development is an important aspect in shaping learners' character related to social interaction and ethical values. Kohlberg emphasizes cognitive aspects and moral reasoning through stages of development, while Ibn Maskawaih emphasizes character building through habituation, emotional control, and spiritual values rooted in Islamic teachings. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a literature study. Researchers collected and analyzed primary and secondary literature related to the theories of the two figures, and conducted a systematic content analysis. The results of the analysis show that Kohlberg focuses on developing moral reasoning skills and the concept of justice in a secular manner, while Ibn Maskawaih places the formation of virtuous character within the Islamic spiritual framework and holistic happiness (sa'adah). Significant differences also exist in the role of religion and the integration of emotions in the moral process. Both theories are complementary and can be integrated to support moral education that is holistic, contextual, and relevant to the challenges of the modern world.
Referensi
A’yunin, Qurrotu, dan Abdul Muhid. “Pendidikan Moral melalui Pembelajaran Kitab Al-Akhl?q li Al-Ban?n.” Al-Fikri: Jurnal Studi dan Penelitian Pendidikan Islam 5, no. 1 (5 Juli 2022): 37. https://doi.org/10.30659/jspi.v5i1.21683.
Aco, Agus, Andi. “Teori Perkembangan Moral menurut Pieget dan Lawrence Kohlberg serta Implikasinya Bagi Pendidikan.” Birokrat: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik 1, no. 6 (2016): 8–17. http://eprints.unm.ac.id/2085/.
Aldi, Muhammad, dan Retisfa Khairanis. “Integrasi Ilmu Pendidikan Islam dan Psikologi Pendidikan dalam Membentuk Karakter dan Kecerdasan Spritual Siswa.” Akhlak: Journal of Education Behavior and Religious Ethics 1, no. 1 (2025): 81–89. https://journal.unindra.ac.id/index.php/akhlak/article/view/3723.
Asfiyah, Wardatul. “Perkembangan Moral Kohlberg Menurut Perspektif Islam.” Bouseik: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini 1, no. 2 (2023): 113–29. https://doi.org/10.37092/bouseik.v1i2.618.
Azizah, Nurul. “Pendidikan Akhlak Ibnu Maskawaih Konsep dan Urgensinya dalam Pengembangan Karakter di Indonesia.” Jurnal Progress 5, no. 2 (2017): 177–201. https://doi.org/10.31942/pgrs.v5i2.2609.
Boom, Jan. “Egocentrism in Moral Development: Gibbs, Piaget, Kohlberg.” New Ideas in Psychology 29, no. 3 (2011): 355–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2010.03.007.
Busroli, Ahmad. “Pendidikan Akhlak Ibnu Miskawaih dan Imam Al-Ghazali dan Relevansinya dengan Pendidikan Karakter di Indonesia.” Atthulab: Islamic Religion Teaching and Learning Journal 4, no. 2 (2019): 236–51. https://doi.org/10.15575/ath.v4i2.5583.
Carpendale, Jeremy I.M. “Kohlberg and Piaget on Stages and Moral Reasoning.” Developmental Review 20, no. 2 (2000): 181–205. https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.1999.0500.
Chen, Jingying, Yidan Liu, Jian Dai, dan Chengliang Wang. “Development and Status of Moral Education Research: Visual Analysis Based on Knowledge Graph.” Frontiers in Psychology 13 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1079955.
Darmawati, Ambo Dalle, Fikri Haekal Amdar, dan Abdul Aziz Bin Mustamin. “Development of Character Education (Analysis of Ibn Miskawaih’s Thought).” At-Ta’lim Media Informasi Pendidikan Islam 18, no. 1 (2019): 464–73. https://doi.org/10.29300/atmipi.v19.i2.4013.
Fauzi, Achmad, dan Aan Hasanah. “Landasan Pendidikan Karakter dalam Pandangan Teori Perkembangan Moral Kognitif.” Pendekar: Jurnal Pendidikan Berkarakter 7, no. 1 (2024): 34–41. http://journal.ummat.ac.id/index.php/pendekar/article/view/22346.
Hadi, Mahfudz Syamsul, dan Abdul Muhid. “Value Of Character Education In The Learning Of The Balaghah Book In Islamic Boarding School: Literature Review.” Risalah, Jurnal Pendidikan dan Studi Islam 8, no. 1 (2022): 35–51. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31943/jurnal_risalah.v8i1.215.
Hanafiah, Muktar. “Perkembangan Moral Anak dalam Perspektif Pendidikan (Kajian Teori Lawrence Kohlberg).” Ameena Journal 2, no. 1 (2024): 75–92. https://ejournal.ymal.or.id/index.php/aij/article/view/54/50.
Hanifah, Siti, dan M Yunus Abu Bakar. “Konsep Pendidikan Karakter dalam Pemikiran Ibnu Miskawaih: Implementasi pada Pendidikan Modern.” Journal of Education Research 5, no. 4 (2024): 5989–6000.
Hasanah, Enung. “Perkembangan Moral Siswa Sekolah Dasar Berdasarkan Teori Kohlberg.” Jipsindo 6, no. 2 (2019): 131–45. https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jipsindo/article/download/28400/pdf.
Hasanah, Nur Zaytun, Shafira Dhaisani Sutra, Istiqomah Istiqomah, M Hajar Dewantara, dan Saad Boulahnane. “The Role of Islamic Education in Teaching Moral Values to Students.” Mudarrisa: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Islam 14, no. 1 (2022): 33–47. https://doi.org/10.18326/mdr.v14i1.33-47.
Jumiyati, Sri. “Perbandingan Pendidikan Moral Anak Usia Dini Menurut Nashih Ulwan dan Kohlberg (Tinjauan Psikologis dan Metodologis).” In Prosiding Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Student Conference 3rd. Yogyakarta: Program Pascasarjana Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (PPs UMY), 2016.
Killen, Melanie, dan Audun Dahl. “Moral Reasoning Enables Developmental and Societal Change.” Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science 16, no. 6 (2021): 1209–1225. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620964076.
Kohlberg, Lawrence, dan Richard H. Hersh. “Moral Development: A Review of the Theory.” Theory Into Practice 16, no. 2 (1977): 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405847709542675.
Kristjánsson, Kristján. Aristotle, Emotions, and Education. London: Routledge, 2007. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315567914.
Kulsum, Ummi, dan Abdul Muhid. “Pendidikan Karakter melalui Pendidikan Agama Islam di Era Revolusi Digital.” Jurnal Intelektual: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Studi Keislaman 12, no. 2 (21 Oktober 2022): 157–70. https://doi.org/10.33367/ji.v12i2.2287.
Kurniawaty, Imas, dan Aiman Faiz. “Konsep Dilema Etika dalam Pengambilan Keputusan: Tinjauan Pustaka dalam Modul Guru Penggerak.” Jurnal Basicedu 6, no. 3 (2022): 4862–68. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i3.2961.
Kuswandi, Iwan. “Tahapan Pengembangan Moral: Perspektif Barat dan Islam.” Ar-Risalah: Media Keislaman, Pendidikan dan Hukum Islam 18, no. 1 (2020): 158–73.
Laila, Qumruin Nurul. “Pemikiran Pendidikan Moral Albert Bandura.” Modeling: Jurnal Program Studi PGMI 3, no. 1 (2015): 21–36. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/jm.v2i1.740.
Latif, Nurull Hayati, Mazlina Jamaludin, Mohd Amin Zakaria, Ishanuddin Hussin, dan Latif Anwar. “Teori Perkembangan Moral kognitif dalam Membuat Keputusan Pertimbangan Moral, Kecekapan Moral dan Keputusan Moral.” Jurnal Kejuruteraan, Teknologi dan Sains Sosial 3, no. 1 (2020): 1–17. https://www.puo.edu.my/webportal/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/6.-TEORI-PERKEMBANGAN-MORAL-KOGNITIF.pdf.
Lestari, Tiara Dwi, Nadya Putri Saylendra, dan Yogi Nugraha. “Strategi Meningkatkan Kesadaran Moral Peserta Didik Melalui Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila.” De Cive : Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan 3, no. 8 (2023): 265–71. https://doi.org/10.56393/decive.v3i8.1781.
Maharani, Laila. “Perkembangan Moral Pada Anak.” Konseli: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling 1, no. 2 (2014): 93–98. https://doi.org/10.24042/kons.v1i2.1483.
Mathes, Eugene W. “An Evolutionary Perspective on Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development.” Current Psychology 40, no. 8 (2021): 3908–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00348-0.
Mu’minah, Najwa. “Character Building dalam Konsep Pendidikan Imam Zarkasyi Ditinjau dari Filsafat Moral Ibnu Miskawaih.” Jurnal Filsafat 25, no. 1 (2016): 100. https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.12616.
Muhid, Abdul, Asnawi Asnawi, dan Rangga Sa’adillah S. A. P. “Pendidikan Moral melalui Pembelajaran Kitab Alfiyah ibn Malik di Pondok Pesantren Langitan Tuban.” Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam (Journal of Islamic Education Studies) 6, no. 1 (21 November 2018): 106–26. https://doi.org/10.15642/jpai.2018.6.1.106-126.
Mulia, Harpan Reski. “Pendidikan Karakter: Analisis Pemikiran Ibnu Miskawaih.” Jurnal Tarbawi: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 15, no. 1 (2019): 39–51. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.32939/tarbawi.v15i1.341.
Muljawan, Asep, dan Saiful Ibad. “Pengembangan Karakter Spiritual Keagamaan Siswa dalam Perspektif Islam.” Jurnal Asy-Syukriyyah 21, no. 1 (2020): 49–60. https://doi.org/10.36769/asy.v21i1.98.
Nelly, Nelly. “Konsep Pembudayaan Karakter Religius Di Sekolah (Studi Tentang Upaya Membangun Iklim Sekolah Yang Kondusif).” Jurnal Bilqolam Pendidikan Islam 3, no. 2 (31 Desember 2021): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.51672/jbpi.v3i2.63.
Novalia, Rifyal, Titin Kusayang, dan Wulansari Vitaloka. “Personality Moderation in the Perspective of Islamic Psychology: A Study of the Works and Teachings of Ibn Miskawaih.” Ishlah: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin, Adab dan Dakwah 5, no. 2 (2023): 321–36. https://doi.org/10.32939/ishlah.v5i2.250.
Nucci, Larry. Moral Development and Education. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Second Edi. Vol. 15. Elsevier, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.92152-4.
Nunner-Winkler, Gertrud. “Kohlberg, Lawrence (1927-87).” International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition 13, no. 2 (2015): 119–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.61069-3.
Nur, Rahmat, . Suardi, . Nursalam, dan Hasnah Kanji. “Integrated Model of Character Education Development Based on Moral Integrative to Prevent Character Value Breaches.” Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan 13, no. 1 (2021): 107–16. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i1.272.
Nurhayati, Siti Rohmah. “Telaah Kritis terhadap Teori Perkembangan Moral Lawrence Kohlberg.” Paradigma 1, no. 2 (2006): 93–104. http://eprints.unm.ac.id/25246/%0Ahttp://eprints.unm.ac.id/25246/2/SKRIPSI DELFIYANA %281644041002%29.pdf.
Parinding, Jenri Fani. “Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter dalam perkembangan moral dan kedisiplinan peserta didik,” 2022. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/3mw2z.
Putra, Handal Pratama, dan Solihah Hayeesama-ae. “Ibnu Miskawaih: Philosophical Thoughts On Moral Education And Its Relevance To Contemporary Islamic Education.” Potensia: Jurnal Kependidikan Islam 8, no. 1 (2022): 77. https://doi.org/10.24014/potensia.v8i1.16864.
Rettob, Afandy, dan Mohammad Ali. “Perkembangan Moral dalam Pandangan Lawrence Kohlberg Implikasih terhadap Pendidikan.” Jurnal Studi Multidisipliner 8, no. 12 (2024): 198–207.
Romadona, Eka Putra. “Konsep Pendidikan Pembiasaan Perspektif Ibnu Miskawaih.” Muslim Heritage 6, no. 2 (2021): 277–302. https://doi.org/10.21154/muslimheritage.v6i2.3308.
Rosni. “Kompetensi guru dalam meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran di sekolah dasar.” Jurnal Educatio: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia 7, no. 2 (2021): 113. https://doi.org/10.29210/1202121176.
Sabililhaq, Irhas, Raisa Zuhra, Salsabila Awaluddin, dan Sofwatun Nida. “Dialektika Pendidikan Akhlak Era 5.0 : Studi Analisis Pemikiran Ibnu Miskawaih.” Dimar: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 6, no. 2 (2025): 228–45. https://doi.org/10.58577/dimar.v6i2.305.
Saputra, Anri, Usiono Usiono, dan Pamonoran Siregar. “Karakter Manusia Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Pendidikan Islam.” Jurnal Bilqolam Pendidikan Islam 5, no. 2 (29 Desember 2024): 147–62. https://doi.org/10.51672/jbpi.v5i2.495.
Sari, Herlini Puspika. “Pendidikan Karakter di Era Society 5.0: Analisis Pemikiran Ibnu Miskawaih.” Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam Al-Thariqah 8, no. 2 (2023): 356–57. https://doi.org/10.25299/al-thariqah.2023.vol8(2).15026.
Snarey, John, Joseph Reimer, dan Lawrence Kohlberg. “The kibbutz as a Model for Moral Education: A longitudinal Cross-Cultural Study.” Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 6, no. 2–3 (1985): 151–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/0193-3973(85)90057-7.
Solikhah, Mar’atus, dan Dhuhrotul Khoiriyah. “Relevansi Konsep Pendidikan Akhlak Ibnu Miskawaih Terhadap Pendidikan Kontemporer.” Raudhah Proud To Be Professionals : Jurnal Tarbiyah Islamiyah 8, no. 1 (2023): 256–63. https://doi.org/10.48094/raudhah.v8i1.266.
Suparno, Suparno. “Konsep Penguatan Nilai Moral Anak Menurut Kohlberg.” Zahra: Research and Tought Elementary School of Islam Journal 1, no. 2 (2020): 58–67. https://doi.org/10.37812/zahra.v1i2.124.
Supriyanto. Filsafat Akhlak Ibnu Miskawaih. Banyumas: Rizquna, 2022.
Tullah, Rachmat, dan Amiruddin. “Penerapan Teori Sosial Albert Bandura dalam Proses Belajar.” Jurnal At-Tarbiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 6, no. 1 (2020): 48–55. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54621/jiat.v6i1.266.
Zaidi Salim, Nur, Maragustam Siregar, dan Mufrod Teguh Mulyo. “Reconstruction of Character Education in the Global Era (Ibnu Miskawaih Concept Analysis Study).” Journal Research of Social, Science, Economics, and Management 1, no. 9 (2022): 1473–82. https://doi.org/10.36418/jrssem.v1i9.151.
Zainuddin, Zainuddin. “The Concept of Ibnu Miskawaih Moral Education For Students.” Fitrah: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman 7, no. 1 (2021): 63–80. https://doi.org/10.24952/fitrah.v7i1.3924.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Siti Khumairotul Lutfiyah, Abdul Muhid
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Penulis tetap memegang hak atas karyanya dan memberikan hak publikasi pertama kepada jurnal ini yang secara simultan karya tersebut dilisensikan di bawah:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
