Relevansi Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam Klasik dalam Keadilan Ekonomi: Studi Pemikiran Al-Ghazali, Ibnu Taymiyah, dan Ibnu Khaldun

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the development of Islamic economic thought during the second phase (450-850 AH/1058-1446 CE) and to examine the contributions of key figures, namely Al-Ghazali, Ibn Taymiyyah, and Ibn Khaldun. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research methods through an analysis of classical works and supporting literature. The findings indicate that the development of economic thought during this phase was influenced by socio-political conditions such as the disintegration of power, corruption, and economic inequality. In such circumstances, Muslim scholars were able to formulate economic concepts encompassing the functions of money, market mechanisms, fair pricing, production, distribution, and the role of the state. Their thought was not merely normative but also empirical and contextual in addressing the economic challenges of society. These contributions serve as a crucial foundation for the development of contemporary Islamic economics, including in the practice of Islamic banking and Islamic social finance.

Keywords: Islamic Economic Thought, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Khaldun, History of Islamic Economics