Faktor Risiko Lingkungan Terhadap Stunting Pada Balita
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30651/jkm.v8i2.16427Keywords:
Stunting, Children under five, EnvironmentAbstract
Background: Stunting is an obstacle to growth and development that occurs in children. Stunting is caused by many factors, namely poor care, limited access to health services, lack of consumption of nutritious food, lack of access to clean water, and poor environmental sanitation. From several previous studies there have been various results regarding environmental factors that affect stunting but are still inconsistent and comprehensive. Therefore, this study is to analyze the environmental risk factors for stunting in toddlers more comprehensively.
Methods: This research uses the literature review approach method. Articles come from journal databases including Science Direct, Scopus, EBS cohost, Cambridge Core, Proquest, EMBASE, Nature, E- Prints, E- Prints2, E-Catalog, Research Gate, SSRN, JSTOR, IGI Global, ASCE, Springer Link, Emerald Insight, Oxford Journals, Clinicalkey, Semantic Scholar, Pubmed, Arxiv, Garuda, Publons, Academia. Search results in the journal database obtained 590 articles about the environment, stunting, and toddlers with a vulnerable period of 10 years (2012 to 2022). The article obtained is designed for cross-sectional, case control and cohort research. Inclusion criteria such as duplication identification, title screening, abstract screening, and eligibility of full text articles obtained 14 articles corresponding to 9 articles in international journals and 5 articles in national journals.
Result: The results of the 14 articles analyzed show that there is a relationship between environmental risk factors and stunting events in toddlers, environmental risk factors are a combination of several factors (multi-dimensional factors). The results of the study with cohort, case control, and cross sectional designs stated that poor WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) interventions, water (inappropriate drinking water sources, drinking water treatment), sanitation factors (use of toilet facilities, open defecation behavior, disposal of toddler feces not in latrines), EED (environmental enteric dysfunction), children's habit of playing in agricultural land, pesticide exposure, washing sprayers, spraying, frequency and duration of diarrhea, frequency and duration of ARI are related to the incidence of stunting in toddlers. As for the cohort design, it states that environmental factors that influence stunting cases in toddlers are improper environmental sanitation, drinking water sources, and open defecation behavior.
Conclusions:Â The severity of stunting cases in society is related and influenced by multidimensional factors, the most powerful environmental risk factors are factors of improper environmental sanitation, water infrastructure, and open defecation behavior (BABS), although it does not deny that there are other supporting factors such as ANC, Family economy, and exclusive breastfeeding.References
Adair LS, Guilkey DK. Age spesific determinants of stunting in Filipino children. The Journal of Nutrition 1997 Feb;127
Ademas, A., Adane, M., Keleb, A., Berihun, G., & Tesfaw, G. (2021). Water, sanitation, and hygiene as a priority intervention for stunting in under-five children in
Adiyanti M. Pola Asuh Gizi, Sanitasi Lingkungan, dan Pemanfaatan Posyandu dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Baduta di Indonesia (Analisis Data Riskesdas Tahun 2010). Jakarta; 2014.
AEDA ERNAWATI (2020). Gambaran Penyebab Balita Stunting di Desa Lokus Stunting Kabupaten Pati. JURNAL LITBANG: Media Informasi Penelitian, Pengembangan dan IPTEK http://ejurnal-litbang.patikab.go.id Vol. 16 No. 2 Desember 2020 Hal 77-94
Aguayo, V. M., & Menon, P. (2016). Stop stunting: Improving child feeding, women’s nutrition and household sanitation in South Asia. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 12, 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12283
Aisah, Ngaisah, & Rahmuniyati. (2019). Personal Hygiene dan sanitasi lingkungan Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting di Desa Wukirsari Kecamatan Cangkringan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Meningkatkan Kemampuan Literasi Digital dalam Publikasi Ilmiah di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0. Yogyakarta: Universitas Respati Yog- yakarta.
Ananda BR, Khairiyati L. Angka Kuman pada Beberapa Metode Pencucian Peralatan Makan. Med Lab Technol J. 2017;3(1):82–86. https://www. ejurnal-analiskesehatan.web.id/index.php/JAK/ article/view/153
Ariati NN, Fetria A, Purnamawati AAP, Suarni NN, Padmiari IAE, Sugiani PPS. Description of nutritional status and the incidence of stunting children in early childhood education programs in Bali-Indonesia. Bali Med J. 2018;7(3):723–6.
Aryu Candra, Niken Puruhita, JC Susanto, Risk Factors of Stunting among 1-2 Years Old Children in Semarang City. Hak Cipta©2011 oleh Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro dan Ikatan Dokter Indonesia Wilayah Jawa Tengah
Astin Hardiana, Onny Setiani, Yusniar Hanani Darundiati.FAKTOR PENENTU PAPARAN PESTISIDA PADA PETANI WANITA TERHADAP KEJADIAN BBLR. JURNAL RISET KESEHATAN POLTEKKES KEMENKES BANDUNG Vol 13 No 1 Mei Tahun 2021
Azady AAA, Widowati E, Rahayu SR. Penggunaan Job Hazard Analysis dalam Identifikasi Risiko Keselamatan Kerja pada Pengrajin Logam. HIGEIA (Journal Public Heal Res Dev. 2018;2(4):510 59.doi:10.15294/higeia. v2i4.23564
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. Ris Kesehat Dasar 2013. 2013;
Bappenas. Kerangka kebijakan gerakan sadar gizi dalam rangka seribu Hari Pertama Kehidupan (1000 HPK) [Internet]. Jakarta; 2012
Beal T, Tumilowicz A, Sutrisna A, Izwardy D, Neufeld LM. A review of child stunting determinants in Indonesia. Matern Child Nutr. 2018;14(4):1–10.
Boas M, Feldt-rasmussen U, Skakkebæk NE, Main KM. Environmental chemicals and thyroid function. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006; 154:599–611.
Budiastutik, I., & Rahfiludin, M. Z. (2019). Faktor Risiko Stunting pada anak di Negara Berkembang. Amerta Nutrition, 3 (3), 122-129. doi:10.2473/ amnt. v3i3.2019.122-129.
Budiawan AR. Faktor risiko cholinesterase rendah pada petani bawang merah. J Kesmas. 2013;8(2):198-206
Breton J, Massart S, Vandamme P, Brandt E De, Pot B, Foligné B. Ecotoxicology inside the gut: impact of heavy metals on the mouse microbiome. BioMed Cent Pharmacol Toxicol. 2013;14(62):1-11.
Briend A. Is diarrhoea a major cause of malnutrition among the under-fives in developing countries? A review of available evidence. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1990;44(9):611–28.
Cumming, O., & Cairncross, S. (2016). Can water, sanitation and hygiene help eliminate stunting? Current evidence and policy implications. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 12, 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12258
Curtis V, Cairncross S, Yonli R, 2000. Domestic hygiene and diarrhea-pinpointing the problem. Trop Med Int Health 5: 22–32.
Dangour AD, Watson L, Cumming O, Boisson S, Che Y, Velleman Y et al. Interventions to improve water quality and supply, sanitation and hygiene practices, and their effects on the nutritional status of children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013; doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009382. pub 2.
Dalimunthe SM. Gambaran Faktor-faktor Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat Tahun 2010 (Analisis Data Sekunder Riskesdas 2010). Univ Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah. 2015;2010.
De Onis M, Branca F. Childhood stunting: a global perspective. Matern Child Nutr. 2016; 12:12---26, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/mcn.12231.
Gereben ZS, Berry MJ, Bianco AC, Salvatore D, Larsen PR. Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Physiological Roles of the Iodothyronine. Endocr Rev. 2015;23(1):38–89.
Dodos, J., Mattern, B., Lapegue, J., Altmann, M., & Aissa, M. A. (2017). Relationship between water, sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition: What do Link NCA nutrition causal analyses say? Waterlines, 36(4), 284-304. https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.17-00005
Hammer J. Village Sanitation and Children’ s Human Capital Evidence from a Randomized Experiment by the Maharashtra Government [Internet]. Washington, DC; 2013. Available from:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/443941468042021369/Villagesanitation-and-childrens-humancapital-evidence-from-a-randomizedexperiment-by-the Maharashtragovernment
Harper KM, Mutasa M, Prendergast AJ, Humphrey J, Manges AR. Environmental enteric dysfunction pathways and child stunting: A systematic review. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2018; 12(1): e0006205. Epub 2018/01/20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006205 PMID: 29351288; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5792022.
Hasan, A., & Kadarusman, H. (2019). Akses ke Sarana Sanitasi Dasar sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 6-59 Bulan. Jurnal Kesehatan, 10(3), 413. https://doi.org/10.26630/jk.v10i3.1451HINDA NINGSIH,2021. Hubungan Riwayat Berat Lahir, ASI Eksklusif, dan Sanitasi Lingkungan Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita diDesa Ngajaran Kecamatan Tuntang Kabupaten Semarang
Irianti, S., Prasetyoputra, P., Dharmayanti, I., Azhar, K., & Hidayangsih, P. S. (2019). The role of drinking water source, sanitation, and solid waste management in reducing childhood stunting in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 344(1), 0-9. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/344/1/012009
Kartini A. Riwayat Paparan Pestisida sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Daerah Pertanian (Disertasi). Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro; 2017.
Leroy JL, Frongillo EA. Perspective: What Does Stunting Really Mean? A Critical Review of the Evidence. Adv Nutr. 2019;10(2):196–204.
Liu J, Schelar E. Pecticide Exposure and Child Neurodevelopment. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; 2012.
Lin A, Ali S, Arnold BF, Rahman MZ, Alauddin M, Grembi J, et al. Effects of water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on environmental enteric dysfunction in young children: a clusterrandomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh. Clin Infect Dis. 2019. Epub 2019/04/10. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/cid/ciz291 PMID: 30963177.
Loyola, S., Sanchez, J. F., Maguiña, E., Canal, E., Castillo, R., Bernal, M., ... & Rocha, C. A. (2020). Fecal contamination of drinking water was associated with diarrheal pathogen carriage among children younger than 5 years in three Peruvian rural communities. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 102(6), 1279. https://doi.org/10.4269%2Fajtmh.19- 0337
Maesaroh S, Sulistyorini E. PENGETAHUAN TENTANG STUNTING PADA MAHASISWA PRODI DIII KEBIDANAN STIKES MAMBAUL ULUM SURAKARTA. J Kebidanan Indones [Internet]. 16 Juli 2021 [dikutip 7 Oktober 2021];12(2). Tersedia pada:https://jurnal.stikesmus.ac.id/index.php/JKebIn/article/view/504
Milada Mohammad Ravsanjanie DKK, UTILIZATION OF CLEAN WATER, PERSONAL HYGIENE OF TODDLER CAREGIVERS, AND SMOKING BEHAVIOR OF FAMILY MEMBERS AS RISK FACTORS FOR CASES OF STUNTING TODDLERS. Jurnal Kesehatan lingkungan. 2020; Vol. 13 No. 1 DOI: 10.20473/jkl. V 13i1.2021.48-56.
Millward DJ. Nutrition, infection and stunting: the roles of deficiencies of individual nutrients and foods, and of inflammation, as determinants of reduced linear growth of children. Nutr Res Rev. 2017; 30:50---72, http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ S0954422416000238
Mogre V, Yakubu A, Fuseini M, Amalba A, Aguree S, Education P, et al. Nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding malnutrition in children and its management in Ghana. Curationis. 2013; 40:1---8, http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/curationis.v40i1. 1618.
Mulyaningsih T, Mohanty I, Widyaningsih V, Gebremedhin TA, Miranti R, Wiyono VH. Beyond personal factors: Multilevel determinants of childhood stunting in Indonesia. PLoS One [Internet]. 2021 Nov;16(11). Available from: https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/beyond-personal-factors-multileveldeterminants/docview/2599573315/se-2
Ni Made Utami Dwipayanti, Ni Ketut Sutiari , Cok Istri Dewiyani, Ketut Hari Mulyawan (2019. Potential Association of Sanitation Factors on Stunting Incidences Among Children Under Age 5 in Bali Province, Indonesia, Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 22. https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.200215.005
Oktaviana H. Relation of nutritional knowledge and hygiene sanitation behavior to stunted events in children aged 7-24 months in the village of Hargorejo Kulon Progo publication. Nutrition Science Study Program Undergraduate Health Sciences University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta. 2016: 1-9.
Oliveira D, Ferreira F, Atouguia J, Guerra A, Centeno-Lima S. Infection by intestinal parasites, stunting and anemia in school-aged children from Southern Angola. Plos One J. 2015;
Otsuka, Y., Agestika, L., Widyarani, Sintawardani, N., & Yamauchi, T. (2019). Risk factors for undernutrition and diarrhea prevalence in an urban slum in Indonesia: Focus on water, sanitation, and hygiene. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 100(3), 727-732. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0063
Paknawin-Mock J, Jarvis L, Jahari AB, Husaini MA, Pollitt E. Community-level determinants of child growth in an Indonesian tea plantation. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000;54 Suppl 2: S28–42.
Prendergast AJ, Humphrey JH. The stunting syndrome in developing countries. Paediatr Int Child Health [Internet]. 2014;34: 250---65,http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2046905514Y. 0000000158.
pruss-ustun A, Bos R, Gore F, Bartram J, 2008. Safer Water, Better Health: Costs, Beneï¬ts and Sustainability of Interven- tions to Protect and Promote Health. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
Program Kesehatan Keluarga Seksi Kesehatan Ibu Anak dan Keluarga Berencana. Laporan Program Gizi. Tanjungpinang; 2018.
Pusdatin. (2018). Situasi Balita Pendek (Stunting) di Indonesia. Buletin Jendela Data Dan Informasi Kesehatan, 301(5), 1163–1178
PUTRANTO, T. A. Standar Antropometri Anak, 4 Sustainability (Switzerland) (2020). Retrievedfrom. https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/en/mdl20203177951%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-088 9%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0884- z%0Ahttps://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1758193%0Ahttp://sersc.org/journals/ind ex.php/IJAST/article
Ramli, Agho KE, Inder KJ, Bowe SJ, Jacobs J, Dibley MJ. Prevalence and risk factors for stunting and severe stunting among under-fives in North Maluku province of Indonesia. BMC Pediatr. 2009; 9:64.
Renyoet, B. S., Martianto, D., & Sukandar, D. (2016). Petensi Kerugian Ekonomi Karena Stunting pada Balita di Indonesia Tahun 2013. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan, 11(3), 247-254. https://doi.org/10.25182/ jgp.2016. 11.3.%25p.
Rina Mardiyana, Yusniar Hanani Darundiati, Hanan Lanang Dangiran, 2020. Hubungan Paparan Pestisida dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Usia 2-5 Tahun di Kabupaten Magelang (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Ngablak)
Roche A, Sun S. Human growth: assesment and interpretation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2005. 75-110.
Rogawski, E. T., Platts-Mills, J. A., Seidman, J. C., John, S., Mahfuz, M., Ulak, M., ... & Guerrant, R. L. (2017). Use of antibiotics in children younger than two years in eight countries: a prospective cohort study. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 95(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.2471%2FBLT.16.176123
Sartika AN, Khoirunnisa M, Meiyetriani E, Ermayani E, Pramesthi IL, Ananda AJN. Prenatal and postnatal determinants of stunting at age 0–11 months: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia. PLoS One [Internet]. 2021 Jul;16(7). Available from: https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/prenatal-postnatal-determinantsstunting-at-age-0/docview/2551563808/se-2
Setiawan, E., Machmud, R., & Masrul. (2018).Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Usia 24-59 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Andalas Kecamatan Padang Timur Kota Padang Tahun 2018 Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 7(2), 275-284. https://doi.org/ 10.25077/jka. v7i2.813.
Sodha SV, Menon M, Trivedi K, Ati A, Figueroa ME, Ainslie R, Wannemuehler K, Quick R. Microbiologic effectiveness of boiling and safe water storage in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. J Water Health. 2011; 9:577–85.
Tutu CG, Manampiring AE, Umboh A. Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Aktivitas Enzim Cholinesterase Darah Pada Petani Penyemprot Pestisida. J Public Heal Community Med. 2020;1(4):40-53.
UNICEF. The State of the World’s Children 2014 In Numbers: Every Child Counts. UNICEF; 2014. 112 p.
Vonaesch P, Tondeur L, Breurec S, Bata P, Nguyen LBL, Frank T, et al. Factors associated with stunting in healthy children aged 5 years and less living in Bangui (RCA). PLOS ONE. 2017`12, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.01823
Wade MG, Parent S, Finnson KW, Foster W, Younglai E, McMohan A et al. Thyroid Toxicity Due to Subchronic Exposure to a Complex Mixture of 16 Organo chlorines, Lead, and Cadmium. Toxicol Sci. 2002; 67:207–18.
Yuantari MGC, Widianarko B, Sunoko HR. Analisis risiko pajanan pestisida terhadap kesehatan petani. J Kesehat Masy. 2015;10(2):239- 245.
Yumiko Otsuka, Lina Agestika, Widyarani, Neni Sintawardani, and Taro Yamauchi,2019. Risk Factors for Undernutrition and Diarrhea Prevalence in an Urban Slum in Indonesia: Focus on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Penulis tetap memegang hak atas karyanya dan memberikan hak publikasi pertama kepada jurnal ini yang secara simultan karya tersebut dilisensikan di bawah:Â Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
