Penyakit Infeksi Virus pada Manusia Aspek Etiologi, Patogenesis, dan Manifestasi Klinis

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Diterbitkan Jun 2, 2026
https://doi.org/10.30651/ps.v5i1.31748
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Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Proceeding Series LSPID UMSURA

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Siti Sabrina Salsabilla
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya
Risma Pangestu Widhanar
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya
Hazza Igor Sabilillah P. A. R
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya
Eva Pupa Artha Paulina
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya
Aldya Afdalya Wiratami
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya
Kamelia Hadianti Deliana
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya
Riqueza Narapati
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya
Navisha Syahwa Ayugia
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya
Aslahatul Auliya Junaidah
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya
Khadijah Amelia Putri
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya
Rivaldino Haryo Kusuma Werdana
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya
Ayu Lidya Paramita
Departemen Mikrobiologi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Abstrak

Penyakit akibat paparan virus menjadi pemicu dominan morbiditas dan mortalitas dunia, dengan variasi manifestasi klinis dari infeksi ringan hingga kondisi yang mengancam jiwa. Virus sebagai parasit intraseluler obligat memiliki kemampuan bereplikasi cepat dan beradaptasi melalui mutasi, sehingga menyulitkan upaya pengendalian penyakit. Penularan infeksi virus dapat terjadi melalui berbagai jalur, termasuk respiratorik, kontak langsung, vektor, serta transmisi vertikal. Proses patogenesis melibatkan invasi virus ke sel inang, replikasi, serta respons imun yang dapat bersifat protektif maupun merusak jaringan. Manifestasi klinis sangat bervariasi tergantung jenis virus, organ target, dan status imun inang. Diagnosis infeksi virus memerlukan pendekatan klinis yang didukung pemeriksaan laboratorium dan penunjang untuk memastikan etiologi dan derajat keparahan penyakit. Penatalaksanaan difokuskan pada terapi suportif, penggunaan antivirus spesifik, pencegahan komplikasi, serta pengendalian penularan. Literature review ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aspek etiologi, patogenesis, manifestasi klinis, diagnosis, dan penatalaksanaan penyakit infeksi virus pada manusia.

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