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Abstrak
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that experiences hyperglycemia and causes various complications, including diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Hyperglycemia can cause chronic inflammation and decreased function of immune cells. This study aims to determine the correlation between blood profiles and serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic ulcers. A total of 30 blood samples of diabetes mellitus patients with blood tests and serum CRP. Blood profile examination used an automatic method with a hematology analyzer, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) using the Westergreen method, and serum CRP using a semi-quantitative method. In the correlation regression multiple test knowed that the parameters associated with CRP serum are hemoglobin (r = 23.553; p = 0.015), hematocrit (r = -8.678; p = 0.016), leukocyte count (r = 2.098; p = 0.004), and platelet count (r = -0.112; p = 0.002) because it has significance (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the parameters of erythrocyte count (r = -8.717; p = 0.359), and ESR (r = -0.142; p = 0.109) had no effect on serum CRP levels because they had significance (p> 0.05). The conclusion of this study shows there is a strong correlation (r = 0.777) between blood profile and serum CRP in diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic foot ulcers.
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Referensi
- Alamri, B. N., Bahabri, A., Aldereihim, A. A., Alabduljabbar, M., Alsubaie, M. M., Alnaqeb, D., Almogbel, E., Metias, N. S., Alotaibi, O. A., & Al-Rubeaan, K. 2019. Hyperglycemia effect on red blood cells indices. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vol. 23: 2139-2150.
- Bray, C., Bell, L. N., Liang, H., Haykal, R., Kaiksow, F., Mazza, J. J., & Yale, S. H. 2016. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and C-reactive Protein Measurements and Their Relevance in Clinical Medicine. WMJ, 115(6): 317-321.
- Damayanti S. 2015. Diabetes Mellitus & Penatalaksanaan Keperawatan. Cetakan 1. Nuha Medika. Yogyakarta.
- Darwis, P., Putra, J. C., Pratama, D., & Kekalih, A. 2020. Relationship Between Leukocyte, ESR, and CRP Infection Markers with Changes in Wound Wagner 2 and 3 Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Journal of Indonesian Society for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 1(2): 26-29.
- Ermansyah. T., Humaedi, A., & Sarkosih. 2019. Hubungan CRP dengan Kadar Hemoglobin dan Hematokrit, serta Jumlah Trombosit dan Leukosit pada Pasien Febris. Binawan Student Journal, 1(2): 59-62.
- Farhangi, M. A., Keshavarz, S. A., Eshraghian, M., Ostadrahimi, A., Saboor- Yaraghi, A. A. 2013. White blood cell count in women: relation to inflammatory biomarkers, haematological profiles, visceral adiposity, and other cardiovascular risk factors. J Health Popul Nutr, 31(1): 58-64.
- Garcia, A. T., Alvarez, Y. G., Morales, E. G., Afonso, F. J. A., Corbalan, I. S., & Martinez, J. L. L. 2020. Utility of Blood Parameters to Detect Complications during Long-Term Follow-Up in Patients with Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(11): 1-13.
- Hadavand, F., Amouzegar, A., & Amid, H. 2019. Pro-Calcitonin, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and C-Reactive Protein in Predicting Diabetic Foot Ulcer Characteristics; a Cross Sectional Study. Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, 7(1): 1-6.
- International Diabetes Federation. 2019. IDF Diabetes Atlas Ninth Edition. https://www.diabetesatlas.org/upload/resources/material/20200302_133351_IDFATLAS9e-final-web.pdf
- Kakouros, N., Rade, J., Kourliouros, A., & Resar J. R. 2011. Platelet Function in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: From a Theoretical to a Practical Perspective. International Journal of Endocrinology, Vol 2011: 1-14.
- Kalma. 2018. Studi Kadar C-Reactive Protein (CRP) pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. Jurnal Media Analis Kesehatan, 1(1): 62-68.
- Kekenusa, G. C., Pandelaki, K., & Haroen, H. 2016. Gambaran hematologi rutin dan hubungannya dengan rerata gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Poliklinik Endokrin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jurnal e-Clinic (eCI), 4(2): 1-6.
- Kemenkes RI. (2018). Riset Kesehatan Dasar: Riskesdas 2018. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Jakarta.
- Mardi, T., Toker, S., Melamed, S., Shirom, A., Zeltser, D., Shapira, I., Berliner, S., & Rogowski, O. 2005. Increased erythropoiesis and subclinical inflammation as part of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 69(2005): 249–255.
- Palimbunga, D. P., Pandelaki, K., Mongan A. E., & Manoppo, F. 2013. Perbandingan Jumlah Trombosit Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Yang Menggunakan Aspirin Dan Tidak Menggunakan Aspirin. Jurnal e-Biomedik (eBM), 1(1): 202-209.
- Singh, N., Armstrong, D. G., &, Lipsky, B. A. 2005. Preventing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. JAMA, 293(2): 217-228.
- Wahyuni, S., & Alkaff, R. N. 2013. Diabetes Mellitus pada Perempuan Usia Reproduksi di Indonesia Tahun 2007. Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi, 3(1): 46-51.
- Yang, J. K., Feng, Y., Yuan, M. Y., Yuan, S. Y., Fu, H. J., Wu, B. Y., Sun, G. Z., Yang, G. R., Zhang, X. L., Wang, L., Xu, X., Xu, X. P., Chan, J. C. N. 2006. Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality and morbidity in patients with SARS. Diabetic Medicine, 23(6): 623-8.
Referensi
Alamri, B. N., Bahabri, A., Aldereihim, A. A., Alabduljabbar, M., Alsubaie, M. M., Alnaqeb, D., Almogbel, E., Metias, N. S., Alotaibi, O. A., & Al-Rubeaan, K. 2019. Hyperglycemia effect on red blood cells indices. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vol. 23: 2139-2150.
Bray, C., Bell, L. N., Liang, H., Haykal, R., Kaiksow, F., Mazza, J. J., & Yale, S. H. 2016. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and C-reactive Protein Measurements and Their Relevance in Clinical Medicine. WMJ, 115(6): 317-321.
Damayanti S. 2015. Diabetes Mellitus & Penatalaksanaan Keperawatan. Cetakan 1. Nuha Medika. Yogyakarta.
Darwis, P., Putra, J. C., Pratama, D., & Kekalih, A. 2020. Relationship Between Leukocyte, ESR, and CRP Infection Markers with Changes in Wound Wagner 2 and 3 Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Journal of Indonesian Society for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 1(2): 26-29.
Ermansyah. T., Humaedi, A., & Sarkosih. 2019. Hubungan CRP dengan Kadar Hemoglobin dan Hematokrit, serta Jumlah Trombosit dan Leukosit pada Pasien Febris. Binawan Student Journal, 1(2): 59-62.
Farhangi, M. A., Keshavarz, S. A., Eshraghian, M., Ostadrahimi, A., Saboor- Yaraghi, A. A. 2013. White blood cell count in women: relation to inflammatory biomarkers, haematological profiles, visceral adiposity, and other cardiovascular risk factors. J Health Popul Nutr, 31(1): 58-64.
Garcia, A. T., Alvarez, Y. G., Morales, E. G., Afonso, F. J. A., Corbalan, I. S., & Martinez, J. L. L. 2020. Utility of Blood Parameters to Detect Complications during Long-Term Follow-Up in Patients with Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(11): 1-13.
Hadavand, F., Amouzegar, A., & Amid, H. 2019. Pro-Calcitonin, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and C-Reactive Protein in Predicting Diabetic Foot Ulcer Characteristics; a Cross Sectional Study. Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, 7(1): 1-6.
International Diabetes Federation. 2019. IDF Diabetes Atlas Ninth Edition. https://www.diabetesatlas.org/upload/resources/material/20200302_133351_IDFATLAS9e-final-web.pdf
Kakouros, N., Rade, J., Kourliouros, A., & Resar J. R. 2011. Platelet Function in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: From a Theoretical to a Practical Perspective. International Journal of Endocrinology, Vol 2011: 1-14.
Kalma. 2018. Studi Kadar C-Reactive Protein (CRP) pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. Jurnal Media Analis Kesehatan, 1(1): 62-68.
Kekenusa, G. C., Pandelaki, K., & Haroen, H. 2016. Gambaran hematologi rutin dan hubungannya dengan rerata gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Poliklinik Endokrin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jurnal e-Clinic (eCI), 4(2): 1-6.
Kemenkes RI. (2018). Riset Kesehatan Dasar: Riskesdas 2018. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Jakarta.
Mardi, T., Toker, S., Melamed, S., Shirom, A., Zeltser, D., Shapira, I., Berliner, S., & Rogowski, O. 2005. Increased erythropoiesis and subclinical inflammation as part of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 69(2005): 249–255.
Palimbunga, D. P., Pandelaki, K., Mongan A. E., & Manoppo, F. 2013. Perbandingan Jumlah Trombosit Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Yang Menggunakan Aspirin Dan Tidak Menggunakan Aspirin. Jurnal e-Biomedik (eBM), 1(1): 202-209.
Singh, N., Armstrong, D. G., &, Lipsky, B. A. 2005. Preventing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. JAMA, 293(2): 217-228.
Wahyuni, S., & Alkaff, R. N. 2013. Diabetes Mellitus pada Perempuan Usia Reproduksi di Indonesia Tahun 2007. Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi, 3(1): 46-51.
Yang, J. K., Feng, Y., Yuan, M. Y., Yuan, S. Y., Fu, H. J., Wu, B. Y., Sun, G. Z., Yang, G. R., Zhang, X. L., Wang, L., Xu, X., Xu, X. P., Chan, J. C. N. 2006. Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality and morbidity in patients with SARS. Diabetic Medicine, 23(6): 623-8.