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Abstrak
Tuberkulosis (TB) masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat global. Indonesia menempati peringkat kedua di dunia dengan beban tuberkulosis dan tuberkulosis resisten obat (TB-RO) tertinggi setelah India. Berdasarkan Global Tuberculosis Report 2023 yang diterbitkan oleh World Health Organization (WHO), diperkirakan terdapat sekitar 1.060.000 kasus TB setiap tahun di Indonesia. Evaluasi keberhasilan terapi tuberkulosis pada fase intensif umumnya dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan Basil Tahan Asam (BTA) pada sputum setelah satu hingga dua bulan pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil pemeriksaan BTA pada sputum pasien tuberkulosis paru setelah menjalani pengobatan selama satu dan dua bulan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif dengan melibatkan 15 pasien tuberkulosis paru yang menjalani terapi fase intensif. Pemeriksaan sputum dilakukan menggunakan metode pewarnaan Ziehl–Neelsen untuk menentukan hasil Basil Tahan Asam (BTA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 12 pasien (80,0%) telah mengalami konversi BTA menjadi negatif, sedangkan 3 pasien (20,0%) masih menunjukkan hasil BTA positif, yang terdiri atas masing-masing satu pasien dengan hasil scanty, positif (+1), dan positif (+2). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pasien telah mencapai konversi BTA negatif selama
fase intensif pengobatan, meskipun sebagian kecil pasien masih menunjukkan hasil BTA positif sehingga memerlukan pemantauan lanjutan sesuai dengan program pengobatan tuberkulosis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa mayoritas pasien tuberkulosis paru telah mencapai konversi BTA negatif setelah menjalani pengobatan selama satu hingga dua bulan, yang menunjukkan keberhasilan respons terapi pada fase intensif.
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Referensi
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- Bartolomeu-Gonçalves, G., Souza, J. M. de, Fernandes, B. T., Spoladori, L. F. A., Correia, G. F., Castro, I. M. de, Borges, P. H. G., Silva-Rodrigues, G., Tavares, E. R., Yamauchi, L. M., Pelisson, M., Perugini, M. R. E., & Yamada-Ogatta, S. F. (2024). Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Current, Ongoing, and Future Approaches. Diseases, 12(9), 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12090202
- Calderwood, C. J., Wilson, J. P., Fielding, K. L., Harris, R. C., Karat, A. S., Mansukhani, R., Falconer, J., Bergstrom, M., Johnson, S. M., McCreesh, N., Monk, E. J. M., Odayar, J., Scott, P. J., Stokes, S. A., Theodorou, H., & Moore, D. A. J. (2021). Dynamics of sputum conversion during effective tuberculosis treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS Medicine, 18(4), e1003566–e1003566. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003566
- Carabalí-Isajar, M. L., Rodríguez-Bejarano, O. H., Amado, T., Patarroyo, M. A., Izquierdo, M. A., Lutz, J. R., & Ocampo, M. (2023). Clinical manifestations and immune response to tuberculosis. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 39(8), 206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03636-x
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- Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2020). Petunjuk Teknis Penatalaksanaan Tuberkulosis Resisten Obat di Indonesia. Direktorat Jenderal Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit.
- Lange, C., Aarnoutse, R., & Alffenaar, J. W. (2019). Management of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The Lancet, 394(10202), 953–964.
- MacLean, E. L.-H., Zimmer, A. J., den Boon, S., Gupta-Wright, A., Cirillo, D. M., Cobelens, F., Gillespie, S. H., Nahid, P., Phillips, P. P., Ruhwald, M., & Denkinger, C. M. (2024). Tuberculosis treatment monitoring tests during routine practice: study design guidance. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 30(4), 481–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2023.12.027
- Maelani, T., & Hary, C. (2019). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan berobat pasien tuberkulosis paru. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat.
- Nahid, P., Dorman, S. E., & Alipanah, N. (2016). Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 63(7), e147–e195.
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- Sugiyono. (2022). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
- TY - JOUR, AU - von Elm, E., AU - Altman, D. G., AU - Egger, M., AU - Pocock, S. J., AU - Gøtzsche, P. C., AU - Vandenbroucke, J. P., 2007, P.-, Studies, T.-T. S. the R. of O. S. in E. (STROBE) S. G. for R. O., Medicine, J.-Pl., 4, V.-, 10, I.-, E296, S.-, 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296, D.-, 1549-1676, S.-, Https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296, U.-, Science, P.-P. L. of, STROBE, K.-, Study, K.-O., … Organization, E.-W. H. (2022). WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis: Module 4: Treatment - Tuberculosis Care and Support. World Health Organization. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.22.288300
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Referensi
Asemahagn, M. A. (2021). Sputum smear conversion and associated factors among smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a longitudinal study. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 21(1), 118. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-021-01483-w
Bartolomeu-Gonçalves, G., Souza, J. M. de, Fernandes, B. T., Spoladori, L. F. A., Correia, G. F., Castro, I. M. de, Borges, P. H. G., Silva-Rodrigues, G., Tavares, E. R., Yamauchi, L. M., Pelisson, M., Perugini, M. R. E., & Yamada-Ogatta, S. F. (2024). Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Current, Ongoing, and Future Approaches. Diseases, 12(9), 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12090202
Calderwood, C. J., Wilson, J. P., Fielding, K. L., Harris, R. C., Karat, A. S., Mansukhani, R., Falconer, J., Bergstrom, M., Johnson, S. M., McCreesh, N., Monk, E. J. M., Odayar, J., Scott, P. J., Stokes, S. A., Theodorou, H., & Moore, D. A. J. (2021). Dynamics of sputum conversion during effective tuberculosis treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS Medicine, 18(4), e1003566–e1003566. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003566
Carabalí-Isajar, M. L., Rodríguez-Bejarano, O. H., Amado, T., Patarroyo, M. A., Izquierdo, M. A., Lutz, J. R., & Ocampo, M. (2023). Clinical manifestations and immune response to tuberculosis. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 39(8), 206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03636-x
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2021). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage Publications.
Dinas Kesehatan Ciamis. (2024). Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Ciamis Tahun 2023. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Ciamis. https://data.ciamiskab.go.id/uploads/katalog-buku/Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Ciamis Tahun 2023-2024-12-04-07-33-17.pdf
Imperial, M. Z., Nahid, P., Phillips, P. P. J., Davies, G. R., Fielding, K., Hanna, D., Hermann, D., Wallis, R. S., Johnson, J. L., Lienhardt, C., & Savic, R. M. (2021). Dynamics of sputum conversion during effective tuberculosis treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS Medicine, 18(4), e1003566. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003566
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2020). Petunjuk Teknis Penatalaksanaan Tuberkulosis Resisten Obat di Indonesia. Direktorat Jenderal Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit.
Lange, C., Aarnoutse, R., & Alffenaar, J. W. (2019). Management of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The Lancet, 394(10202), 953–964.
MacLean, E. L.-H., Zimmer, A. J., den Boon, S., Gupta-Wright, A., Cirillo, D. M., Cobelens, F., Gillespie, S. H., Nahid, P., Phillips, P. P., Ruhwald, M., & Denkinger, C. M. (2024). Tuberculosis treatment monitoring tests during routine practice: study design guidance. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 30(4), 481–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2023.12.027
Maelani, T., & Hary, C. (2019). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan berobat pasien tuberkulosis paru. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat.
Nahid, P., Dorman, S. E., & Alipanah, N. (2016). Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 63(7), e147–e195.
Notoatmodjo, S. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Rineka Cipta.
Pai, M., Behr, M. A., & Dowdy, D. (2016). Tuberculosis. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2, 16076.
Pratiwi, R. D., Alisjahbana, B., Subronto, Y. W., Priyanta, S., & Suharna, S. (2025). Implementation of an information system for tuberculosis in healthcare facilities in Indonesia: evaluation of its effectiveness and challenges. Archives of Public Health, 83(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-025-01507-5
Reid, M., Agbassi, Y. J. P., Arinaminpathy, N., Bloom, B. R., Bloom, D. E., Boehme, C., Chaisson, R., Chin, D. P., Churchyard, G., Cilloni, L., Dye, C., Furin, J., Gupta, R., Hanson, C. L., Harrington, M., Marais, B. J., Migliori, G. B., Pai, M., Raviglione, M. C., … Zumla, A. (2023). Scientific advances and the end of tuberculosis: a report from the Lancet Commission on Tuberculosis. The Lancet, 402(10411), 1473–1498. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01379-X
Sugiyono. (2022). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
TY - JOUR, AU - von Elm, E., AU - Altman, D. G., AU - Egger, M., AU - Pocock, S. J., AU - Gøtzsche, P. C., AU - Vandenbroucke, J. P., 2007, P.-, Studies, T.-T. S. the R. of O. S. in E. (STROBE) S. G. for R. O., Medicine, J.-Pl., 4, V.-, 10, I.-, E296, S.-, 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296, D.-, 1549-1676, S.-, Https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296, U.-, Science, P.-P. L. of, STROBE, K.-, Study, K.-O., … Organization, E.-W. H. (2022). WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis: Module 4: Treatment - Tuberculosis Care and Support. World Health Organization. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.22.288300
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies. PLoS Medicine, 4(10), e296. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296
World Health Organization. (2024). Global tuberculosis report 2024. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240101531
