Bilah Samping Artikel

Telah diserahkan
Agustus 3, 2022
Diterima
April 14, 2023
Diterbitkan
Mei 19, 2023
Unduh
PDF
Statistik
Baca Penghitung : 395 Unduh : 851

Isi Artikel Utama

Abstrak

Jombang Regency was the 10th most prevalent smoker in East Java in 2018 and experienced an increase in the prevalence of smokers by 0.1% from 2013. The high number of smokers raises a concern. Smoking may lead to an increase of hs-CRP and LDL cholesterol levels, where the increase in these two parameters is closely related to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, as a cause of cardiovascular disease. Physical activity of each individual is something that needs to be known because it affects the levels of hs-CRP and LDL cholesterol. This study aims to analyze the correlation between hs-CRP and LDL cholesterol in active smokers with physical activity. This study used an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted in March-April 2022 with a total sample of 32 active smokers who work as pedicab drivers at Pondok Pesantren 'DU', Jombang Regency. The hs-CRP examination was carried out using the Latex Turbidimetric Assay method, while the LDL cholesterol examination was using the Homogeneous Enzymatic Colorimetric Assay method. Based on the statistical analysis of the Spearman correlation, the results obtained p>0.05 (p = 0.687, r = 0.074), which means that there is no correlation between levels of hs-CRP and LDL cholesterol in active smokers with physical activity.

Rincian Artikel

Lisensi

 

This work is licensed under  Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

 

Referensi

  1. Aldaham, S., Foote, J.A., Chow, H.H.S., Hakim, I.A., 2015. Smoking Status Effect on Inflammatory Markers in a Randomized Trial of Current and Former Heavy Smokers. Int. J. Inflam. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/439396
  2. Cerqueira, É., Marinho, D.A., Neiva, H.P., Lourenço, O., 2020. Inflammatory Effects of High and Moderate Intensity Exercise—A Systematic Review. Front. Physiol. 10, 1550. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHYS.2019.01550/BIBTEX
  3. Ellulu, M.S., Khaza’ai, H., Rahmat, A., Patimah, I., Abed, Y., 2016. Obesity can predict and promote systemic inflammation in healthy adults. Int. J. Cardiol. 215, 318–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.089
  4. Fernandes, R.A., Ritti-Dias, R.M., Balagopal, P.B., Conceição, R.D.O., Santos, R.D., Cucato, G.G., Bittencourt, M.S., 2018. Self-initiated physical activity is associated with high sensitivity C-reactive protein: A longitudinal study in 5,030 adults. Atherosclerosis 273, 131–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATHEROSCLEROSIS.2018.02.011
  5. Gallus, S., Lugo, A., Suatoni, P., Taverna, F., Bertocchi, E., Boffi, R., Marchiano, A., Morelli, D., Pastorino, U., 2018. Effect of Tobacco Smoking Cessation on C-Reactive Protein Levels in A Cohort of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening Participants. Sci. Reports 2018 81 8, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29867-9
  6. Geovanini, G.R., Libby, P., 2018. Atherosclerosis and inflammation: Overview and updates. Clin. Sci. 132, 1243–1252. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20180306
  7. Jaishankar, T., Shivasekar, M., Vinodhini, V.M., 2021. The effect of circulating oxidized LDL and high sensitivity C-reactive protein on coronary heart disease susceptibility in a South Indian Population. Biomed. Pharmacol. J. 14, 1427–1434. https://doi.org/10.13005/BPJ/2245
  8. Kemenkes RI, 2018. Laporan Provinsi Jawa Timur RISKESDAS 2018, Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
  9. Kim, Y., Cho, W.K., 2018. Effects of smoking on disease risk among South Korean adults. Tob. Induc. Dis. 16. https://doi.org/10.18332/TID/94472
  10. Kubihal, C. V., Naik, H.D., 2019. A study of serum lipid profile in smokers and non-smokers: evaluation of role of smoking on lipid profile. Int. J. Res. Med. Sci. 7, 1016–1021. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20190995
  11. Lavanya, K., Ramamoorthi, K., Acharya, R. V., Madhyastha, S.P., 2017. Association between overweight, obesity in relation to serum Hs-CRP levels in adults 20-70 years. J. Clin. Diagnostic Res. 11, OC32–OC35. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/32422.11005
  12. Lorensia, A., Suryadinata, R.V., Istiqomah, N.L., Digiputra, I.N.Y.D., 2021. Aktivitas Fisik dan Risiko PPOK pada Pengemudi Becak di Surabaya. J. Sains dan Kesehat. 3, 706–714.
  13. Patil, M.B., James, J. V, Somanath, B., 2020. Correlation of Lipid Profile Levels in Young Smokers and Nonsmokers with Special Reference to Coronary Artery Disease. J. Med. Sci. 6, 23–27. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10045-00150
  14. Raddam, Q.N., Zeidan, M.M., 2020. Effects of smoking on the level of lipase enzyme and lipid profile in blood serum of young smokers. Medico-Legal Updat. 20, 814–819. https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v20i2.1216
  15. Siddiqui, S.S., Amir, M., Singh, D., Aggarwal, T., Sharma, B., Agarwal, S., 2019. Cardiovascular Risks Assessment of Tobacco Smokers (Cigarette & Bidi) using hs CRP & Lipid Profile in Muzaffarnagar City. Int. J. Physiol. 7, 116. https://doi.org/10.5958/2320-608x.2019.00055.6
  16. Tibuakuu, M., Kamimura, D., Kianoush, S., DeFilippis, A.P., Al Rifai, M., Reynolds, L.M., White, W.B., Butler, K.R., Mosley, T.H., Turner, S.T., Kullo, I.J., Hall, M.E., Blaha, M.J., 2017. The association between cigarette smoking and inflammation: The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study. PLoS One 12, e0184914. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0184914
  17. Wang, R., Jiang, Y., Yao, C., Zhu, M., Zhao, Q., Huang, L., Wang, G., Guan, Y., Michael, E., Zhao, G., 2019. Prevalence of tobacco related chronic diseases and its role in smoking cessation among smokers in a rural area of Shanghai, China: A cross sectional study. BMC Public Health 19, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12889-019-7110-9/TABLES/5