Analisis Pendahuluan Pengembangan Modul Fiksi Realistik dalam Pembelajaran Apresiasi Sastra di Sekolah Dasar
Abstrak
ABSTRAK
Pembelajaran sastra anak di sekolah dasar (SD) kurang relevan dalam mengembangkan kemampuan apresiasi sastra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan pembelajaran sastra anak di kelas IV SD serta merancang desain pembelajaran fiksi realistik guna meningkatkan kemampuan apresiasi sastra secara holistik sesuai dengan tuntutan Kurikulum Merdeka. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, melalui analisis dokumen kurikulum, angket guru, observasi kelas, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran fiksi realistik di kelas IV SD belum optimal, dengan aktivitas yang cenderung teoretis dan kurang mendukung pengembangan keterampilan apresiasi sastra secara komprehensif. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, dikembangkan modul pembelajaran fiksi realistik berbasis model ADDIE yang mengintegrasikan Quick Response Code (QR Code). Desain modul ini menyediakan materi multimodal yang dapat diakses melalui QR Code, mendukung gaya belajar audio visual, serta mengakomodasi kebutuhan apresiasi sastra secara lebih holistik dan interaktif.
Kata kunci: QR code, fiksi realistik, apresiasi sastra
ABSTRACT
The teaching of children’s literature in elementary schools is often less relevant and effectiveness, particularly in fostering students' literary appreciation skills. This study aims to analyze the instructional needs of children’s literature in fourth-grade elementary classrooms and design a realistic fiction learning framework to holistically enhances literary appreciation skills in alignment with the demands of the Merdeka Curriculum. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, through curriculum document analysis, teacher questionnaires, classroom observations, and interviews. The findings reveal that the teaching of realistic fiction in fourth-grade classrooms has not been optimal, characterized by predominantly theoretical activities that inadequately support the comprehensive development of literary appreciation skills. In response to these findings, a realistic fiction teaching module was developed based on the ADDIE model, integrating QR Code technology. This module offers multimodal materials accessible via QR Codes, accommodating audio-visual learning style, and accomodates the need for a more holistic and interactive approach to literary appreciation.
Keyword: QR code, realistic fiction, literary appreciation
Referensi
Afriyeni, Y., & Masbiran, G. (2022). “Improving Students’ Story Telling Ability by Using Youtube Video”. Journal of English Language and Education, 7(2), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.31004/jele.v7i2.314
Al-Jarf, R. (2022). “Mobile Fiction Apps for Enhancing EFL Students’ Reading and Appreciation Skills”. International Journal of Linguistics Studies, 2(2), 15–23.
Alwi, E., Harahap, M., Fernandez, D., & Milana, M. (2022). “Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Mata Pelajaran Pemeliharaan Mesin Kendaraan Ringan Kelas XI TKR SMK Negeri 2 Padang Sidempuan”. Ensiklopedia Education Review, 4(3), 231–236. https://doi.org/10.33559/eer.v4i3.1542
Anggraini, D., Ariesta, R., & Trianto, A. (2023). “Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Sastra Cerita Rakyat Nusantara”. Diksa : Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 8(2), 126–136. https://doi.org/10.33369/diksa.v8i2.22850
Ardini, P. P., Biahimo, A., Husain, R., & Syahputra, H. (2020). “The Influence Of Visual Media And Learning Style On Early Reading Ability of Children of Kindergarten In Gorontalo”. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 9(10), 317–320.
Arimbi, E. P. A., & Sukartiningsih, W. (2021). “Pengembangan Bahan Ajar untuk Pembelajaran Apresiasi Sastra Melalui Dongeng Cerita Rakyat Siswa Kelas IV SD”. JPGSD: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 9(10), 3492–3502.
Auliaty, Y., Iasha, V., & Siregar, Y. E. Y. (2021). “Development of QR Code-Based Learning Multimedia to Improve Literature of Elementary School Students”. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8(1), 359–369.
Bella, Q. A., Miranda, Y., & Sunariyati, S. (2022). “Development of Quick Response Code Based Learning Module on Human Reproductive System Materials to Increase Student Learning Outcomes”. Journal Compound : Improving the Quality of English Education, 10(2), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.37304/jcp.v10i2.7503
Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional Design: The ADDIE Approach. Springer.
BSKAP Kemendikbudristek RI. (2022). Capaian Pembelajaran Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Fase A - Fase F untuk SD/MI/Program Paket A, SMP/MTs/Program Paket B, dan SMA/SMK/MAK/Program Paket C. Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan Kemendikbudristek RI.
Daryanto. (2013). Menyusun Modul Bahan Ajar untuk Persiapan Guru dalam Mengajar. Gava Media.
Depdiknas. (2008). Penulisan Modul. Direktorat Tenaga Kependidikan Direktorat Jenderal Peningkatan Mutu Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan.
Elyani, E. P., Al Arief, Y., Amelia, R., & Asrimawati, I. F. (2022). “Enhancing Students’ Speaking Skill Through Digital Storytelling”. Journal of English Teaching, Applied Linguistics and Literatures (JETALL), 5(2), 105. https://doi.org/10.20527/jetall.v5i2.14330
Endraswara, S. (2005). Metode dan Teori Pengajaran Sastra. Buana Pustaka.
Farikhin, I., & Budiningsih, A. (2019). “Development of Children’s Literature Learning Books to Enhance Creativity”. SAR Journal, 2(3), 96–103.
Febrianty, F., & Hafiz, M. (2023). “The Literary Appreciation Level of Students”. The 6th International Conference on Business, Economics, Social Sciences, and Humanities 2023, 950–955.
Fuaduddin, F. (2018). “Problematika Pembelajaran Sastra Bahasa Indonesia di Sekolah Dasar”. eL-Muhbib: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Pendidikan Dasar, 2(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.52266/el-muhbib.v2i1.235
Hakim, A. R., Kartono, Wardono, & Cahyono, A. N. (2024). “Developing MoAR-Integrated Printed Learning Modules to Improve Mathematical Problem-Solving Abilities in Geometry Learning”. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 14(6), 898–909.
Handayani, T., Hendratno, H., & Indarti, T. (2022). “Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Teks Fiksi Berbasis Kearifan Lokal dalam Pembelajaran Literasi Membaca Peserta Didik Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar”. AKSARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.23960/aksara/v23i2.pp1-20
Hartati, T., Andriani, E. N., Supriatna, N., & Nuriyanti, R. (2021). “Development of Children’s Literature Book Based on Primary School Students’ Ecoliteration”. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series, 4(1), 152. https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v4i1.48719
Hartati, T., Gustiana, A. D., & Aryanto, S. (2020). Sastra Anak Abad 21 dari Perspektif Multiliterasi dan HOTS. CV. Confident.
Hendratno, H., Yermiandhoko, Y., & Yasin, F. N. (2022). “Development of Interactive Story Book For Ecoliteration Learning to Stimulate Reading Interest in Early Grade Students Elementary School”. IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 3(1), 11–31. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v3i1.179
Huda, M., Anjas Rusdiyanto Soleh, Nadia Zakiyyah, Safira Inayatul Maula, Siwi Nur Arifah, & Retno Astri Ardaninggar. (2024). “The Potential of Indonesian Textbooks in Stimulating Students’ Learning Activities”. Journal of Education Research and Evaluation, 8(2), 240–248. https://doi.org/10.23887/jere.v8i2.77500
Izza, N., Praherdhiono, H., & Soepriyanto, Y. (2024). “QR-Codes in English Textbook: Improving Listening and Speaking Skills”. Inovasi Kurikulum, 2(1), 361–372.
Karrach, L., Pivarčiová, E., & Božek, P. (2020). “Identification of QR Code Perspective Distortion Based on Edge Directions and Edge Projections Analysis”. Journal of Imaging, 6(7), 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6070067
Kemendikbudristek. (2024). Seri Buku Cerita Anak. Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa Kemendikbudristek.
Kemenristekdikti. (2022). Keputusan Kepala Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi No. 008/H/KR/2022 tentang Capaian Pembelajaran pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Jenjang Pendidikan Dasar, dan Jenjang Pendidikan Menengah. Kemenristekdikti.
Khotimah, K., Amil, A. J., Rosid, A., & Antono, M. N. (2019). “Inovasi Pembelajaran Karakter Humanis melalui Sanggar Sastra dengan Pendekatan CRS (Consideration Research Student) dalam Matakuliah Apresiasi dan Kritik Sastra”. Stilistika: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, 12(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.30651/st.v12i1.2437
Komariah, A., & Halimah, N. (2022). “Ragam Pemanfaatan Buku Teks Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Di Kota Bitung Sulawesi Utara”. Jurnal Ilmiah Iqra’, 16(2), 180. https://doi.org/10.30984/jii.v16i2.2045
Kosasih, E. (2021). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar. PT Bumi Aksara.
Listyani, L. (2019). “The Use of a Visual Image to Promote Narrative Writing Ability and Creativity”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 19(80), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2019.80.10
Liu, C., & Elms, P. (2019). “Animating Student Engagement: The Impacts of Cartoon Instructional Videos on Learning Experience”. Research in Learning Technology, 27(0). https://doi.org/10.25304/rlt.v27.2124
Liyawindari, A. E., Sukartiningsih, W., & Suparti, S. (2023). “Pengembangan Media E-Book Cerita Fiksi untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Siswa Kelas VI Sekolah Dasar”. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pembelajaran, 8(2), 500. https://doi.org/10.33394/jtp.v8i2.7714
Magulod, G. C. (2018). “Innovative Learning Tasks in Enhancing the Literary Appreciation Skills of Students”. SAGE Open, 8(4), 215824401882038. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018820382
Marhaeni, A., Dantes, N., Purwitha, D. G., Handayani, D. A. P., & Wirabrata, D. G. F. (2020). “Bridging Literacy and Curriculum: Development of a Thematic Children’s Book”. Proceedings of the International Conference on Education, Science and Technology - ICESTech 2020, 18–24. https://doi.org/10.32698/tech3229
Marliana, D., Muktadir, A., & Djuwita, P. (2023). “Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Dongeng Berbasis Discovery Learning Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Kelas V SD Negeri 21 Kaur”. Jurnal Pembelajaran dan Pengajaran Pendidikan Dasar, 6(1), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.33369/dikdas.v6i1.19440
Martono, M. (2019). “Improving Students Character Using Fairy Tales”. Journal of Education, Teaching and Learning, 4(1), 180–184.
Moleong, L. J. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Mulyoto, G. P., Mufida, T. I., & Puspitasari, D. A. (2023). “Developing Electronic-Based Picture Storybooks to Enhance Student Learning Motivation”. Madrasah: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Dasar, 15(2), 78–90. https://doi.org/10.18860/mad.v15i2.14948
Najuah, N., Lukitoyo, P. S., & Wirianti, W. (2020). Modul Elektronik: Prosedur Penyusunan dan Aplikasinya. Yayasan Kita Menulis.
Naser, M. A. U., Jasim, E. T., & Al-Mashhadi, H. M. (2020). “QR Code Based Two-Factor Authentication to Verify Paper-Based Documents”. TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), 18(4), 1834. https://doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v18i4.14339
Nazurty, N., Haryanto, E., & Masurai, P. (2022). “Children’s Story Textbook and Character Education for the Elementary Students”. Indonesian Research Journal in Education| IRJE, 6(2), 465-478.
Ni Putu, E. A., & Sari, N. M. R. I. (2024). “Contribution of Children’s Literature in the Formation of Character of Elementary School Children”. Mudra Jurnal Seni Budaya, 39(4), 519–528. https://doi.org/10.31091/mudra.v39i4.2158
Ningrum, E. F. (2018). “Literature on Student Book and its Effect for Developing Elementary School Teaching Materials”. Lingua Cultura, 12(2), 209. https://doi.org/10.21512/lc.v12i2.4284
Nuha, Moh. F., Pratiwi, Y., & Nurchasanah, N. (2019). “Buku Pengayaan Pembelajaran Cerita Fabel Berbasis Literasi untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar”. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan, 4(2), 156. https://doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v4i2.11932
Nurul, A., & Abbas, N. (2021). “Development of Picture Storybooks to Improve Reading Comprehension”. Elementary School Teacher: The Journal of Elementary School Teacher Training and Pedagogy, 5(2).
Palioura, M., & Dimoulas, C. (2022). “Digital Storytelling in Education: A Transmedia Integration Approach for the Non-Developers”. Education Sciences, 12(8), 559. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12080559
Park, J., & Lee, J. (2021). “Effects of E-Books and Printed Books on EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension and Grammatical Knowledge”. English Teaching, 76(3), 35–61. https://doi.org/10.15858/engtea.76.3.202109.35
Pastrana, D. A. C., & Diva, B. C. (2023). “Stylistic Imitation Technique in Improving the Writing Skills among Grade 8 Learners”. International Journal of Research Publications, 129(1). https://doi.org/10.47119/IJRP1001291720235242
Pratiwi, M., & Rofii, A. (2023). “Learning Media of Animation in Elementary School: How to Improve Student’s Narrative Writing Skills”. Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education, 2(1), 22–28. https://doi.org/10.56916/jirpe.v2i1.461
Pulimeno, M., Piscitelli, P., & Colazzo, S. (2020). “Children’s Literature to Promote Students’ Global Development and Wellbeing”. Health Promotion Perspectives, 10(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.15171/hpp.2020.05
Purba, M., Purnamasari, N., Soetantyo, S., Suwarma, I. N., & Susanti, E. I. (2021). Naskah Akademik Prinsip Pengembangan Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi (Differentiated Instruction) pada Kurikulum Fleksibel sebagai Wujud Merdeka Belajar. Pusat Kurikulum dan Pembelajaran Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, Dan Teknologi.
Rahmawati, A., Yuwana, S., & Hendratno. (2021). “Development of Children’s Storybook Based on Sidoarjo Local Wisdom to Improve Reading Skills in Fourth Grade Elementary School Students”. International Journal of Education and Social Science Research, 04(04), 347–365. https://doi.org/10.37500/IJESSR.2021.4423
Ramadhanti, D., & Yanda, D. P. (2021). “The Strategy of Observing, Imitation, and Modification in The Preparation of Lesson Plan in Microteaching Practice”. EDUKATIF : JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN, 3(6), 5202–5212. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i6.1664
Riana, R. (2020). “Pembelajaran Sastra Bahasa Indonesia di Sekolah”. Warta Dharmawangsa, 14(3), 418–427. https://doi.org/10.46576/wdw.v14i3.825
Ridlwan, M., & Hamsia, W. (2016). “Pengembangan Buku Ajar Apresiasi Sastra Berbasis Pendekatan Kontekstual Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia UMSurabaya”. STILISTIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, 9(1), 24–47.
Rusydiana, U., Widodo, W., & Suprapto, N. (2023). “The Development of Picture Story Book to Improve the Science Literacy Skills of Grade 4 Elementary School Student”. Studies in Philosophy of Science and Education, 4(1), 22–34. https://doi.org/10.46627/sipose.v4i1.274
Setiyawati, E. S., Abdul Muktadir, & Bambang Parmadie. (2022). “Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Buku Cerita Rakyat Bergambar Berbasis Aplikasi Canva Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar”. Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Dasar (Kapedas), 1(2), 108–120. https://doi.org/10.33369/kapedas.v1i2.23941
Setyowati, E., & Susilawati, L. (2022). “Developing of Story Writing Teaching Materials for Elementary School in the Independent Era Learning society 5.0 Based on Local Wisdom”. Journey: Journal of English Language and Pedagogy, 5(1), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.33503/journey.v5i1.1788
Uçak, E. (2019). “Teaching Materials Developed Using QR Code Technology in Science Classes”. International Journal of Progressive Education, 15(4), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2019.203.16
Wardani, N. E., Suwandi, S., Setiyoningsih, T., Ulya, C., & Zuliyanto, S. (2022). “Indonesian Language and Literature Learning Implementation in The State Junior High Schools in Surakarta During The Covid-19 Pandemic”. RETORIKA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.26858/retorika.v15i1.22063
White, R. E., & Carlson, S. M. (2021). “Pretending with Realistic and Fantastical Stories Facilitates Executive Function In 3-Year-Old Children”. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 207, 105090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105090
Wisudawati, W., & Sumardi, A. (2023). “Pengembangan Modul Cerita Fabel Bermuatan Nilai-Nilai Pancasila Berbasis Flipbook”. Journal on Education, 5(4), 13789–13804. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v5i4.2056
Zainuddin, M., Saifudin, A., Lestariningsih, L., & Nahdiyah, U. (2023). “Developing of Literacy Skills in Writing Stories for Elementary School by Using Big Book”. Jurnal Prima Edukasia, 11(2), 197–205. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpe.v11i2.59419
Zeybek, G. (2024). Enriching EFL Teaching Through Multimodal Integration of QR Codes (hlm. 208–233). https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-2169-0.ch010
Zharkova, R. (2017). “The Problem of Literary Education for Pupils of Elementary School”. Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 4(1), 162–166. https://doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.4.1.162-166
Penulis
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Ursula Dwi Oktaviani, Gabriel Serani
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Hak Cipta
- Hak cipta terhadap artikel yang diterbitkan di Stilistika: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra adalah penerbit atau Stilistika: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra.
- Penulis harus menyerahkan hak cipta pada jurnal dengan menandatangai dan mengirimkan form penyerahan hak cipta (template) melalui email stilistika@um.surabaya.ac.id.
- Penulis dapat menyebarluaskan artikelnya melalui media manapun.
Lisensi
Setiap karya yang ditulis penulis dilisensi dengan Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
