Peran Enzim dalam Penyakit Metabolik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30651/ps.v5i1.31760Kata Kunci:
enzim, metabolisme, penyakit metabolik, metabolisme karbohidrat, metabolisme lipidAbstrak
Metabolisme merupakan rangkaian reaksi biokimia yang berperan penting dalam mempertahankan fungsi, pertumbuhan, dan kelangsungan hidup sel, yang seluruhnya bergantung pada kerja enzim sebagai katalis biologis. Gangguan fungsi enzim dapat menghambat jalur metabolisme normal dan berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya penyakit metabolik, seperti obesitas, diabetes melitus, dislipidemia, dan sindrom metabolik. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran enzim dalam metabolisme sel, mekanisme kerja enzim, serta hubungan gangguan enzim dengan patogenesis penyakit metabolik, dengan penekanan pada gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat, lipid, dan obesitas. Metode penulisan dilakukan melalui studi literatur terhadap jurnal ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa gangguan jumlah, aktivitas, dan regulasi enzim, baik akibat faktor genetik maupun didapat dapat menyebabkan akumulasi substrat, kekurangan produk metabolik, gangguan homeostasis energi, serta disfungsi seluler. Kesimpulannya, enzim memiliki peran sentral dalam menjaga keseimbangan metabolisme, sehingga gangguan fungsi enzim merupakan faktor kunci dalam patogenesis penyakit metabolik.
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