Analisis Titik Kritis Halal pada Biomaterial Kedokteran Gigi: Tinjauan Naratif
Kata Kunci:
Biomaterial Kedokteran Gigi, Halal, Collagen, Gelatin, Bone GraftAbstrak
Biomaterial kedokteran gigi berkembang pesat dan banyak digunakan dalam prosedur regenerasi jaringan, guided tissue regeneration (GTR), guided bone regeneration (GBR), scaffold tissue engineering, serta augmentasi tulang. Beberapa biomaterial seperti gelatin, collagen, bone graft, hydroxyapatite, dan chitosan berasal dari sumber biologis hewan yang berpotensi menimbulkan titik kritis halal. Kajian aspek halal selama ini lebih banyak difokuskan pada bidang pangan, farmasi, dan kosmetik, sedangkan pembahasan biomaterial kedokteran gigi masih relatif terbatas. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi biomaterial kedokteran gigi yang memiliki titik kritis halal serta menganalisis potensi sumber ketidakhalalan berdasarkan bahan baku dan proses produksinya. Kajian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan naratif melalui penelusuran literatur menggunakan Google Scholar dengan kata kunci terkait halal dental biomaterial, halal dental material, gelatin biomaterial, collagen dental, bone graft, hydroxyapatite, dan xenograft. Sebanyak 17 artikel utama dianalisis dalam kajian ini. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa gelatin, collagen, dan bone graft berbasis xenograft merupakan biomaterial dengan potensi titik kritis halal tertinggi karena sebagian besar berasal dari sumber biologis hewan seperti porcine dan bovine. Titik kritis halal yang paling sering ditemukan meliputi asal bahan baku, status penyembelihan, ketertelusuran (traceability) bahan, serta proses pengolahan. Selain itu, biomaterial alternatif seperti fish-derived collagen, fish-derived hydroxyapatite, dan biomaterial sintetis mulai dikembangkan sebagai alternatif yang lebih sesuai dengan kebutuhan halal. Secara keseluruhan, identifikasi sumber bahan dan pengembangan biomaterial alternatif berbasis sumber halal diperlukan untuk mendukung inovasi biomaterial kedokteran gigi yang aman, efektif, dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat.
Referensi
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