Identifikasi Kejadian Preeklampsia Pada Ibu Hamil Di Kabupaten Luwu, Sulawesi Selatan

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Faktor terjadinya preeklampsia seperti primigravida, riwayat preeklampsia sebelumnya dan riwayat keluarga yang mengalami preeklampsia, kehamilan kembar, kondisi medis tertentu, proteinuria, obesitas, kehamilan usia <20 dan >35 tahun. Data WHO, Angka Kematian Ibu di Indonesia tahun 2015 adalah 126 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup lebih rendah dibandingkan tahun 2012 AKI 359 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Angkat tersebut tergolong tinggi sedangkan target yang harus di capai Indonesia pada tahun 2030 diharapkan mengalami penurun hingga 90 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Data kejadian preeklampsia di Kabupaten Luwu dalam 5 tahun terakhir sebanyak 106 kasus. Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memegaruhi kejadian preeklampsia pada ibu hamil dengan preeklampsia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan mix method dengan tipe studi kasus di Kabupaten Luwu, Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Agustus- September 2019. Partisipan berjumlah tujuh ibu hamil dengan preeklampsia. Teknik pengambilan data kualitatif dengan cara wawancara dan pengambilan data kuantitatif dengan cara food recall 3x 24 jam. Teknik analasis menggunakan model interaktif Humber and Miles. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi yaitu keluarga dan bidan desa. Hasil dan Pembahasan: di dapatkan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kejadian preeklampsia yaitu Pengetahuan ibu hamil, Dukungan keluarga, Pemanfaatan antenatal care, Riwayat kesehatan dan Kehamilan, dan pola makan dan tingkat kecukupan gizi ibu hamil. Kesimpulan: faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kejadian preeklampsia yaitu usia ibu <20 dan >35 tahun, jarak kehamilan, ibu hamil yang melahirkan terlalu banyak, riwayat preeklampsia sebelumnya, riwayat hipertensi, pengetahuan, dukungan keluarga, pemanfaat antenatal care, dan pola makan dan tingkat kecukupan gizi ibu hamil.

Kata Kunci : Ibu hamil, Preeklampsia, angka kematian ibu.

 

Background knowledge:  The factors of preeclampsia are primigravida, the records of preeclampsia formerly and records of family who had preeclampsia, twin pregnancy, certain medical condition, proteinuria, obesity, and pregnancy at the age of <20 year-old and >35 year-old. According to World Health Organization (WHO), Maternal Mortality rate in Indonesia was 126 deaths per 100.000 live births in 2015. It is lower than maternal death in 2012, 359 deaths per 100.000 live births. The number is relatively high, while the target must be achieved by Indonesia is expected to decrease up to 90 deaths per 100.000 live births in 2030. The data comes from Luwu Regency in the last five years as much as 106 cases. Purpose: To identify the factors which affect preeclampsia incident on pregnant women with preeclampsia. Methods: This research applied mix method which focused on type of case study in Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. This research was conducted during August to September, 2019. The number of participants was seven pregnant women who affected preeclampsia. The study was qualitative research which focused on interview and quantitative research which focused on food recall 3 times of 24 hours. The technique analysis was used interactive model of Humber and Miles. The data test used triangulation such family and local district. Results and Discussion: Has been found the factors causing preeclampsia incident are knowledge of pregnant women such family support, utilization of antenatal care, the records of health and pregnancy, then food consumption and the level of adequate nutrition of pregnant women. Conclusion: The factors causing preeclampsia are women at the age of <20 year-old and >35 year-old, distance of pregnancy, pregnant women who gave birth too much, the records of preeclampsia formerly, the records of hypertension, knowledge, family support, utilization of antenatal care, and food consumption and the level of adequate nutrition of pregnant women.

Keywords: Pregnant Women, Preeclampsia, Maternal Mortality rate