Bioremediasi Cemaran Tanah Menggunakan Biostimulant
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Abstrak
Semakin meningkatnya perhatian dalam bioremediasi adalah penggunaan biostimulan yang dapat meningkatkan aktivitas mikroorganisme dalam tanah dan mempercepat proses degradasi kontaminan. Bioremediasi adalah proses biologis yang melibatkan penggunaan mikroorganisme, tanaman, atau enzim untuk mendekomposisi, menetralkan, atau menghilangkan kontaminan dari lingkungan tercemar, terutama dari tanah, air, dan udara. Bioremediasi secara in-situ adalah biodegradasi oleh mikroba pada kontaminasi dalam matriks tanah bawah permukaan dan dapat diolah di lokasi terjadinya cemaran. Bioremediasi secara ex-situ memerlukan penggalian tanah yang terkontaminasi dan dilakukan di luar lokasi terjadinya cemaran. Teknik ex-situ tidak digunakan pada tanah yang berada di pusat kota ataupun di bawah bangunan, karena membutuhkan ruang penggalian yang cukup besar. Cemaran tanah dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu zat dalam tanah pada konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi dari biasanya oleh bahan limbah yang memiliki dampak merugikan kesehatan manusia dan ekosistem. Bahan limbah umumnya dibuang ke perairan sebagai cairan, di mana sebagian dapat larut, sementara yang lainnya dapat mengendap di permukaan tanah, kemudian meresap ke dalam dan mencemari tanah. Cemaran kemudian dapat bergerak lebih dalam ke lapisan tanah melalui proses perkolasi, yang bergerak dari lokasi dengan konsentrasi tinggi ke konsentrasi lebih rendah. Pergerakan cemaran melalui perkolasi dapat menyebabkan pencemaran air tanah, yang merupakan sumber vital bagi banyak ekosistem dan pemukiman manusia. Biostimulan Organic Waste (BOW) berbahan baku sampah organik pasar memiliki nilai unsur-unsur C-organik, N, P dan K yang tinggi. Nilai unsur-unsur telah memenuhi persyaratan teknis minimal pupuk cair organik dan pembenah tanah.
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Penulis
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Isnaeni Isnaeni, Aisha Bella Calvina, Alma Dita Ardiana, Chofifatus Solecha Azzahra, Nadya Rachmania Santosa, Nanda Fadlilatul Miladya, Nazwa Zahira Anwar
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