Studi Literatur Profil Bakteri dan Pola Resisten Antibiotik Beta-Laktam pada Pasien Pneumonia
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Abstrak
Pneumonia, suatu infeksi paru-paru yang umum yang sering ditemui di berbagai kelompok usia, mulai dari bayi hingga lansia. Bakteri yang umumnya terkait dengan pneumonia meliputi Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza hingga Staphylococcus aureus. Namun, dengan kemajuan dalam teknologi diagnostik, berbagai jenis bakteri lainnya juga telah diidentifikasi sebagai penyebab pneumonia. Berbagai jenis bakteri ini dapat menunjukkan resistensi terhadap antibiotik tertentu, terutama kelompok beta-laktam. Resistensi antibiotik telah menjadi masalah yang semakin mendesak. Bakteri yang sebelumnya rentan terhadap antibiotik ini kini menunjukkan tingkat resistensi yang meningkat, mempersulit pengobatan infeksi pneumonia. Peningkatan penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak terkendali, baik dalam pengaturan medis maupun pertanian, telah berkontribusi pada peningkatan resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik. Hasil menunjukkan bakteri penyebab utama pneumonia di Korea (Mycoplasma pneumonia : 97,7%), China (Streptococcus pneumonia : 39%), Mexico (Pseudomonas aeruginosa : 60%) dan Indonesia (Klebsiella pneumonia : 22.9%). Pola resistensi antibiotic beta-lactam terhadap K. pneumonia yaitu di Irank : resisten terhadap Ceftriaxone (18%), Imipenem (63%), China : resisten terhadap Ceftriaxone (100%), Imipenem (93%), Egypt : resisten terhadap Cefoxitin (38%), Imipenem (20%) dan Indonedia 80% sensitive terhadap Cefoxitin dan Imipenem. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya variasi profil bakteri penyebab pneumonia diberbagai Negara serta memiliki pola resisten antibiotik beta-lactam yang berbeda terhadap bakteri K. pneumoniae.
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Penulis
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Ainutajriani, Dita Artanti, Muhammad Bilal Yusuf, Ellies Tunjung Sari Maulidiyanti
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