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Abstrak
Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus is a vector of nematode worms, namely Wuchereria bancrofti which is the cause of filariasis in tropical and subtropical countries. Distributed of Cx. quinquefasciatus is widely in Indonesia with differences the geographical, resulting in the adaptation to the environment and may  results in a high variation, both phenotypic (morphology) and genotypic (genetic) variation.Â
This study aims was to determine the genetic diversity of mosquitoes Cx.quinquefasciatus as vector filariasis in Pekalongan City and Regent. Genetic characterization performed by PCR-RAPD using three primers, ie OPA-11, OPA-12, and OPA-15. Data were analyzed by using UPGMA algorithm and Simple Matching Coefficient and presented as dendrogram. The results showed a high genetic diversity with the polymorphisms up to 100%.Â
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Keywords: Culex quinquefasciatus, vector, filariasis, PCR-RAPDÂ
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Referensi
- Barbosa, R. M. R., Antonio S., Alvaro E. E., and Leda R. 2007. Laboratory and Field Evaluation of An Oviposition Trap for Culex quonquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 102(5): 523 - 529
- Borror, D. J., L. A. Triplehorn, dan N. F. Johnson. 1995. Pengenalan Pelajaran Serangga. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta
- Braendle, C., Friebe I., Caillaud M. C., Strein D. L. 2005. Genetic Variation for An Aphid Wing Polyphenism is Genetically Linked to a Naturally Occurring Wing Polymorphism. Proceedings of The Royal Society B. 272 : 657 – 664
- DEPKES. 2009. Penderita Filariasis Tersebar di 386 Kabupaten/Kota. http://www.depkes.go.id/index.php/berita/press-release/453-penderita-filariasis-tersebar-di-386-kabupatenkota.html. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2011
- Ellegren, H. 2009. Is Genetic Diversity Really Higher in Large Populations? Journal of Biology, 8:41
- Frankham, R., J. D. Ballou, and D. A. Briscoe. 2002. Introduction to Conservation Genetics. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
- Grosberg, R. K., Levitan, D. R., and Cameron, B. B. 1996. Characterization of Genetic Structure and Genealogies Using RAPD-PCR Marker : A Random Primer for the Novice and Nervous. In Ferraris, J. D., Palumbi, S. R. (EDs) Molecular Biology : Advances, Strategies, and Protocols. John Wiley&Sons, Inc. Publication, New York. Pp : 67 – 132
- Harini, S. S., Leelambika, M., Kameshwari, M. N. S., and Sathyanarayana, N. 2008. Optimization of DNA Isolation and PCR-RAPD Method for Molecular Analysis of Urginea indica Kunth. International Journal of Integrative Biology. 2(2) : 138 – 144
- Indrawan, M., Primack, R. B., Supriatna, J. 2007. Biologi Konservasi. Edisi Revisi. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Jakarta. Hal : 23 – 25
- Maheswaran, R., S. Sathish, and S. Ignacimuthu. 2008. Larvicidal Activity of Leucas aspera (Willd.) Against The Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti L. International Journal of Integrative Biology. 2(3) : 214 - 217
- Qun-Liu, Y., Li Qini, Ping Li, Y., Wang, H., Run-XiXi, Hong Qi, Y., Sheng Li, X. 2010. Comparative Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure of Three Chinese Silkworm Species Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), Antheraea pernyi Guerin-Meneville and Samia Cynthia ricini Donovan (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Neotropical Entomology. 39(6) : 967 – 976
- Rismayadi, Y. 2005. Ekosistem Pemukiman dan Keberadaan vektor penyakit. Diakses tanggal 22 Juni, pukul 16.53
- Sharman, A. K., M.J. Mendki, S.N. Tikar, K. Chandel, D. Sukumaran, B.D. Parashar, Vijay Veer, O.P. Agarwal, and Shri Prakash. 2009. Genetic Variability in Geographical Populations of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera : Culicidae) from India Based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis. Acta Tropica, Science Direct. 112(1): 71-76
- Tiwari, P., R. Arya, L. M. Tripathi, S. M. Bhattacharya, and V. M. L. Srivastava. 2004. Genetic Variation among Filarial Spesies as Detected by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Journal of Parasitic Diseases. 28(2) : 73-77
- Whitman, D. W. and Agrawal, A. 2009. Phenotype Plasticity of Insect : What is Phenotype Plasticity and Why is it important? Science Publishers, Inc. Enfield, NH. www.insect.htm. Diakses tanggal 22 Juni 2012 pukul 19.31
- Williams, J.G.K, A.R. Kubelik, K.J. Livak, J.A. Rafalski, S.V. Tingey. 1990. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Res. 18 : 6531-6535
- Yuwono, T. 2005. Bilogi Molekuler. Erlangga. Jakarta. Pp : 245
Referensi
Barbosa, R. M. R., Antonio S., Alvaro E. E., and Leda R. 2007. Laboratory and Field Evaluation of An Oviposition Trap for Culex quonquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 102(5): 523 - 529
Borror, D. J., L. A. Triplehorn, dan N. F. Johnson. 1995. Pengenalan Pelajaran Serangga. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta
Braendle, C., Friebe I., Caillaud M. C., Strein D. L. 2005. Genetic Variation for An Aphid Wing Polyphenism is Genetically Linked to a Naturally Occurring Wing Polymorphism. Proceedings of The Royal Society B. 272 : 657 – 664
DEPKES. 2009. Penderita Filariasis Tersebar di 386 Kabupaten/Kota. http://www.depkes.go.id/index.php/berita/press-release/453-penderita-filariasis-tersebar-di-386-kabupatenkota.html. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2011
Ellegren, H. 2009. Is Genetic Diversity Really Higher in Large Populations? Journal of Biology, 8:41
Frankham, R., J. D. Ballou, and D. A. Briscoe. 2002. Introduction to Conservation Genetics. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
Grosberg, R. K., Levitan, D. R., and Cameron, B. B. 1996. Characterization of Genetic Structure and Genealogies Using RAPD-PCR Marker : A Random Primer for the Novice and Nervous. In Ferraris, J. D., Palumbi, S. R. (EDs) Molecular Biology : Advances, Strategies, and Protocols. John Wiley&Sons, Inc. Publication, New York. Pp : 67 – 132
Harini, S. S., Leelambika, M., Kameshwari, M. N. S., and Sathyanarayana, N. 2008. Optimization of DNA Isolation and PCR-RAPD Method for Molecular Analysis of Urginea indica Kunth. International Journal of Integrative Biology. 2(2) : 138 – 144
Indrawan, M., Primack, R. B., Supriatna, J. 2007. Biologi Konservasi. Edisi Revisi. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Jakarta. Hal : 23 – 25
Maheswaran, R., S. Sathish, and S. Ignacimuthu. 2008. Larvicidal Activity of Leucas aspera (Willd.) Against The Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti L. International Journal of Integrative Biology. 2(3) : 214 - 217
Qun-Liu, Y., Li Qini, Ping Li, Y., Wang, H., Run-XiXi, Hong Qi, Y., Sheng Li, X. 2010. Comparative Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure of Three Chinese Silkworm Species Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), Antheraea pernyi Guerin-Meneville and Samia Cynthia ricini Donovan (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Neotropical Entomology. 39(6) : 967 – 976
Rismayadi, Y. 2005. Ekosistem Pemukiman dan Keberadaan vektor penyakit. Diakses tanggal 22 Juni, pukul 16.53
Sharman, A. K., M.J. Mendki, S.N. Tikar, K. Chandel, D. Sukumaran, B.D. Parashar, Vijay Veer, O.P. Agarwal, and Shri Prakash. 2009. Genetic Variability in Geographical Populations of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera : Culicidae) from India Based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis. Acta Tropica, Science Direct. 112(1): 71-76
Tiwari, P., R. Arya, L. M. Tripathi, S. M. Bhattacharya, and V. M. L. Srivastava. 2004. Genetic Variation among Filarial Spesies as Detected by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Journal of Parasitic Diseases. 28(2) : 73-77
Whitman, D. W. and Agrawal, A. 2009. Phenotype Plasticity of Insect : What is Phenotype Plasticity and Why is it important? Science Publishers, Inc. Enfield, NH. www.insect.htm. Diakses tanggal 22 Juni 2012 pukul 19.31
Williams, J.G.K, A.R. Kubelik, K.J. Livak, J.A. Rafalski, S.V. Tingey. 1990. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Res. 18 : 6531-6535
Yuwono, T. 2005. Bilogi Molekuler. Erlangga. Jakarta. Pp : 245