Authority of Singapore in Arresting Indonesian Suspected of Perperating Transboundary Haze Pollution

Authors

  • Yordan Gunawan Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
  • Gumilang Tresna Nugraha Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
  • Demas Abdi Islamey Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30651/justitia.v3i2.3405

Abstract

Abstrak

Terulangnya kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Indonesia yang mengakibatkan polusi asap lintas batas menyebabkan Singapura frustasi, sehingga mendorong pemerintah Singapura untuk membentuk suatu aturan yang memuat yurisdiksi ekstrateritorial di dalamnya.  Aturan tersebut dikenal dengan Transboundary Haze Pollution Act 2014. Berdasarkan peraturan tersebut Singapura memiliki yurisdiksi mengadili pelaku pembakaran hutan dan lahan yang terjadi di Indonesia. Dimana pada tahun 2016 Singapura menangkap WNI terduga pelaku pembakaran hutan dan lahan yang terjadi pada 2015. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui kompetensi Singapura dalam menangkap WNI terduga pelaku pembakaran hutan dan lahan yang mengakibatkan polusi asap lintas batas negara ditinjau dari kaidah Hukum Internasional.

 

Kata Kunci: Polusi Asap Lintas Batas, Implementasi THPA, Kedaulatan

 

Abstract

The re-occurrence of haze pollution arising from forest and land fires in Indonesia has led to frustration in Singaporean side, which in turns led the Singaporean government to stipulate a rule that contained extraterritorial jurisdiction within its provisions. This rule became known as the Transboundary Haze Pollution Act of 2014. Under these regulations Singapore has jurisdiction to prosecute perpetrators of forest and land fires in Indonesia. As a form of THPA implementation, in 2016 Singapore arrested Indonesian citizens who allegedly burned down forest and land in 2015. This study is intended to determine Singapore's competency in arresting Indonesian citizens suspected of perpetrating forest and land burning which leads to transboundary haze pollution in terms of International law.

 

Key Word: Transboundary Haze Pollution, Ratification, THPA Implementation, Sovereignty

 

Author Biography

Yordan Gunawan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Yordan Gunawan is a Lecturer of Law and Director of Office of International Affairs (OIA), Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. He graduated from the Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Law School and continued his study at the National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China, 2009. In 2010, he studied International Law in Institut de hautes Etudes Internationalle et du Developpement (IHEID), Geneva, Switzerland. His field is Public International Law, International Law of Treaties, International Humanitarian Law and International Organization. Yordan is also one of Founders of ICLAS Association, which established in 2013. He participated in some international events, such as the Law Symposium on Privacy from Birth to Death and Beyond: European and American Perspectives. International Criminal Court Summer School and Summer School on Minority Rights, Indigenous Peoples & Human Rights Law, in the National University of Ireland Galway, 2011, 2012 and 2013. Besides that, Yordan also presented his paper in some various Conferences, such as ASLI Conference 2015 in Taiwan, 2016 in Manila and 2017 in Seoul, South Korea. Yordan was a coach of the Delegates of Republic Indonesia to the 2015 International Client Consultation Competition, held by the School of Law, University of Nebraska, USA. Yordan can be contacted at yordangunawan@umy.ac.id

References

Book, Paper and Thesis

B, Patricia, Alan Boyle & Cathrine Redgwell, 2009, International Law & The Environment, 3rd Edition, Oxford University Press, New York.

Dixon, Martin, 2013, International Law, 7th Edition, Oxford University Press, London.

Griezelda, 2015, Penerapan Yurisdiksi Ekstrateritorial dalam Singapore Transboundarry Haze Pollution Act 2014 Akibat Kabut Asap Dari Kebakaran Hutan di Indonesia, Thesis, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

Gunawan, Yordan, 2016, Pertanggungjawaban Indonesia Terhadap Asap Lintas Batas Negara Pasca Ratifikasi ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution, Thesis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.

Hamid, Abdul Ghafur, 2011, Public International Law, 3rd Edition, Sweet&Maxwell Asia, Selangor.

Ibrahim, Johnny, 2006, Teori dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif, Bayumedia Publishing, Malang.

Tacconi, Luca, 2003, Kebakaran Hutan Di Indonesia: Penyebab, Biaya dan Implikasi Kebijakan, Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor.

Tan, Alan Khee-Jin, 2015, The ‘Haze’ Crisis in Southeast Asia: Assesing Singapore’s Transboundary Haze Pollution Act 2014, National University Singapore.

Varkkey, Helena, 2016, The Haze Problem in Southeast Asia: Palm Oil and Patronage, Routledge, New York.

Journal

Asdar, 2015, Transboundary Haze Pollutiondi Malaysia dan Singapura Akibat Kebakaran Hutan di Provinsi Riau Ditinjau Dari Hukum Lingkungan Internasional, Jurnal Legal Opinion, Vol. 3 No. 1.

Ahmadi, Sidiq, 2012, Prinsip Non-Interference ASEAN dan Problem Efektifitas ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution, Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, Vol. 1 No. 2.

Deslianti, Rahmi, 2105, Motivasi Indonesia Meratifikasi Perjanjian Asap Lintas Batas ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution 2014, Jom FISIP, Vol. 2 No. 2.

Gunawan, Yordan, 2014, Transboundary Haze Pollution in The Perspective of International Law of State Responsibility. Jurnal Media Hukum. Vol. 21 No. 2.

Handeyside, Hugh, 2009, The Lotus Principle in ICJ jurisprudence; Was The Ship Ever Afloat ?. Michigan Journal of International Law, Vol. 29.

Heilmann, Daniel, 2015, After Indonesia’s Ratification: The ASEAN Agreement on Transboundarry Haze Pollution and Its Effectiveness As a Regional Enviromental Governance Tool, Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs. Vol. 3.

Latifah, Ifa, 2014, Transboundarry Haze Pollution Act 2014 dan Problematika Kebakaran Hutan Di Indonesia. Jurnal Al-Mazahib. Vol. 2 No. 2.

Mardian Yo’el, Sicilya, 2016, Efektifitas ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution dalam Penanggulangan Pencemaran Asap Lintas Batas di ASEAN, Arena Hukum, Vol. 9 No. 3.

Nazeer, Nazia & Furouka, Fumitaka, 2017, Overview of Asian Environment, Transboundary Haze Pollution Agreement and Public Health, IJAPS, Vol. 13 No. 1.

Philip, Cristanugra, 2016, Tanggung Jawab Negara Terhadap Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia Menurut Hukum Internasional, Lex Administratum, Vol. IV no. 2.

Rasyid, Fachmi, 2014, Permasalahan dan Dampak Kebakaran Hutan. Jurnal Lingkar Widyaswara. Edisi 1 No. 4.

Riyanto, Sigit, 2012, Kedaulatan Negara dalam Kerangka Hukum Internasional Kontemporer, Yustisia, Vol. 1 No. 3.

Website

Agroindonesia, (2016), Singapura Permalukan Indonesia, avaible at http://agroindonesia.co.id/2016/06/singapura-permalukan-indonesia/, [Accessed on 24 October 2018]

Beritagar.id, (2016), Singapura Perintahkan Tangkap Petinggi Perusahaan Indonesia, avaible at https://beritagar.id/artikel/berita/singapura-perintahkan-tangkap-petinggi-perusahaan-indonesia, [Accessed on 27 December 2018]

CNN Indonesia, (2015), Pemerintah: Kebakaran Hutan Tahun Ini Lebih Parsah dari 1997, avaible at https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20151021155255-20-86387/pemerintah-kebakaran-hutan--ini-lebih-parah-dari-1997, [Accessed on 27 December 2018]

CNN Indonesia, (2015), Protes Asap Indonesia, Singapura Buat Status Sindiran, avaible at https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20151002133218-185-82342/protes-asap-indonesia-singapura-buat-situs-sindiran, [Accessed on 25 November 2018]

Kompas.com, (2016), SP3 Perusahaan Tersangka Pembakar Hutan Dinilai Penuh Kejanggalan, avaible at https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2016/10/03/19444031/sp3.15.perusahaan.tersangka.pembakar.hutan.dinilai.penuh.kejanggalan, [Accessed on 20 December 2018]

Kompas.com, (2017), BNPB Siapkan Helikopter “Water Bombing†di Tiga Daerah Siaga Karhutla, avaible at https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2017/06/22/14530761/bnpb.siapkan.helikopter.water.bombing.di.tiga.daerah.siaga.karhutla, [Accessed on 20 December 2018]

Liputan6.com, (2018), ASEAN apresiasi Indonesia dalam Mengatasi Kabakaran Hutan, avaible at https://www.liputan6.com/health/read/3549775/asean-apresiasi-indonesia-dalam-mengatasi-kebakaran-hutan, [Accessed on 27 December 2018]

Sipongi, (2019), Data dan Grafik Luas Kebakaran Hutan, avaible at http://sipongi.menlhk.go.id/hotspot/luas_kebakaran, [Accessed on 24 October 2018]

Tempo.co, (2016), Singapura Investigasi 4 Perusahaan Diduga Pembakar Hutan, avaible at https://nasional.tempo.co/read/798186/singapura-investigasi-4-perusahaan-diduga-pembakar-hutan/full&view=ok, [Accessed on 27 December 2018]

World Bank Group, (2015), Indonesias Fire and Haze Crisis, avaible at http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2015/12/01/indonesias-fire-and-haze-crisis, [Accessed on 28 October 2018].

Downloads

Published

2019-10-30

How to Cite

Gunawan, Y., Nugraha, G. T., & Islamey, D. A. (2019). Authority of Singapore in Arresting Indonesian Suspected of Perperating Transboundary Haze Pollution. Justitia Jurnal Hukum, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.30651/justitia.v3i2.3405

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 2 (2019): Justitia Jurnal Hukum

Section

Articles

License